玉米烤烟统筹施肥对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响

Effects of Planned Fertilizer Application on Growth and Quality of Tobacco in Maize-Tobacco Rotation System

为探索烤烟轮作前后茬作物的合理施肥方法,研究了玉米-烤烟统筹施肥对烟株生长发育和烟叶质量的影响。结果表明,与常规处理（玉米茬195kg/hm^2纯氮）相比,玉米前茬减少氮肥施用量（纯氮120kg/hm^2）,增加钾肥施用量（K2O 120kg/hm^2）,不施用含氯肥料,烟叶当季适量施用氮肥（22.5~37.5kg/hm^2）,烟叶生长发育良好,成熟落黄较好,烤后烟叶外观质量和评吸质量提高,玉米产值虽降低,但烟叶产值提高2 160.5~3 506.0元/hm^2,玉米-烤烟总体经济效益5.5万元/hm^2左右,与玉米季未减氮处理总体经济效益相当。可见,玉米-烤烟统筹施肥更符合以烤烟为主的种植制度要求。

To explore rational fertilization method of maize-tobacco rotation system,the effects of planned fertilizer application on growth and quality of tobacco were studied.The results showed that compared with the conventional treatment（195kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer in maize season）,the growth,maturity,external quality and sensory quality of tobacco were promoted with 120kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer,120kg/ha of potash fertilizer,without chlorine fertilizer in maize season,and 22.5to 37.5kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco season.Due to reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application in maize season,corn income fell,but flue-cured tobacco income increased by 2 160.5-3 506.0Yuan/ha,and the overall economic benefits of corn and flue-cured tobacco reached 55 000 Yuan/ha,showing no significant difference from the conventional treatment.So the planned fertilizer application of corn and flue-cured tobacco more conforms to requirements of the tobacco-based planting pattern.