乙型肝炎疫苗免疫应答宿主相关遗传因素研究进展

Research progress on host genetic factors affecting immune response to hepatitis B vaccination

乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus,HBV）感染是引起肝脏疾病最主要的原因之一。据估计,全球有20亿人曾感染过HBV,3.5亿~4亿人为HBV慢性感染者,其中75%的感染者为亚洲人[1]。乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗是预防HBV感染最有效的手段,但首次全程接种乙肝疫苗后,仍有5%~10%的人群HBV表面抗体（抗-HBs）达不到保护水平（抗-HBs〈10mIU/ml）[2-3]。

The hepatitis B vaccine（HepB）is considered the best way to prevent HBV infection now.But there were differences among individuals at the level of immune response to hepatitis B vaccine.Numerous studies showed that factors like the vaccine sources,individuals and environments may affect the immune response to HepB.But non-or-low responders could still be detected when excluding or controlling the aforementioned factors.Therefore,the host genetic factors had been paid more attention by agrowing number of researchers.In the research of host genetics,considering that human leukocyte antigen（HLA）played a significant role in antigen presentation,many studies had been carried out to explore the correlation between HLA gene polymorphism and the immune response to HepB.Results showed that they were closely related with each other.Some studies indicated that non-HLA gene polymorphism also played an important role in immune response to HepB.Hence in this review,we summarize recent progresses in the research of the correlations between gene polymorphisms of host genetic factors and immune response to hepatitis B vaccination.