“一丝不挂”源流考辨

A Study about the Origin and Development of Idiom ＂yi si bu gua （一丝不挂）＂

＂一丝不挂＂是个常见成语,但对这个成语的源流,即这个成语共有几种意义,各种意义之间是什么关系,人们并不十分清楚,有的认识甚至是错误的。本文考察认为,＂一丝不挂＂就构词语素的组合而言,具有不同的本义,应该分析为四个同形词位。其中表示＂一根（半截）丝线也不挂＂义的＂一（寸）丝不挂＂是最早也是最基本的用法,以此为基础产生＂心无牵挂＂的比喻义和＂赤身裸体＂的引申义。有人把＂一（寸）丝不挂＂的＂丝＂理解为＂钓丝＂,看做＂心无牵挂＂比喻义的来源,其实是出于对有关文献用例的误解,既不符合古人遣词造句的习惯,也不符合古人比喻取义的事理。

In this paper, the four different semantic structures of ＂yi si bu gua＂ get distinguished, for the people＇ s understanding about its and development is not comprehensive, even full of mistakes, although very common idiom. Through the textual research and analysis, we origin it is a know that, both the original meaning and the most essential gua＂ are ＂have nothing even a silk - thread＂, then the ＂no dust in mind＂ and the extensional meaning ＂stark meaning of ＂yi si bu metaphorical meaning naked＂ come from it. In spit of this, many people always misunderstand that the meaning ＂no dust in mind＂ came from ＂fishing - line＂.