黎锦熙“依句辨品”说的重新认识和评价”

A New Understanding and Evaluation of the Sentence ＂For All Words, the Word-class Is Based on the Sentences＂

黎锦熙先生《新著国语文法》中的＂凡词,依句辨品,离句无品＂一句话长期以来饱受非议,这样的评价并不公平。如果能够把握＂辨＂等的准确含义,并且把所指对象限定在＂合适＂的范围内,＂依句辨品＂是正确的。这一点,从汉语词的实际情况、划分词类的标准以及相关的实际工作和研究等方面都可以得到证明。一旦承认了＂依句辨品＂的合理性,对依附于前一句话的＂离句无品＂也就没有理由否定了。

There is a sentence that ＂For all words, the word-class is based on the sentences; there is no word-class without the sentences.＂ in Li Jinxi＇s A New Grammar of the Chinese National Language. It has long suffered criticism, but this evaluation is unfair. If you can grasp the precise meaning of ＂identify＂ and restrict the object it referred to within the ＂appropriate＂ range, ＂the word-class is based on the sentences＂ is correct. This can be proved by the actual situation of Chinese words, classification standard of word-class and the practical work and research related. If we accept the ＂the word-class is based on the sentences＂ as rational, there will be no reason to deny ＂there is no word-class without the sentence＂ which attached on the sentence before.