论汉语复合词意义的生成方式

The research on the forming ways of the meanings of compounds

汉语复合词由两个以上的实义语素组合变异而成,具有非句法性和非句义性。根据原型范畴理论,复合词可以分典型复合词和非典型复合词。典型复合词有的由符合句法关系的短语词汇化而成,有的属选取相关语素组合成非句法的词汇形式,有的语素义跟词义的关系是经过典故化建立的。复合词的形成过程不同,语素义产生词义的方式也不同。短语词汇化而成的复合词,词化之前的短语具有明确句法关系,词化以后产生变异的整体词义,不宜再作语法分析。短语语素义生成复合词词义的具体方式可以归纳出十种。

A Chinese compound is composed of morphemes with concrete meanings, featuring non-syntactic structure and non- sentential meaning. Based on Prototype Theory, compounds can be classified into two types： typical compounds and non-typical compounds. The typical compound can be formed in three ways, such as lexicalizing phrases conforming to syntax relations, lexicalizing relative morphemes on the non-syntactic structure, or refining meanings of morphemes to create the meaning of a word. If compounds are created in different means, the way to derive the meaning of a word from the meanings of morphemes varies as well. When a compound word is formed by lexicalization of constructions, it is not advisable to analyze its meaning grammatically, even though those constructions may do have some definite syntax relations before. 10 means have been summarized to derive the meaning of a compound word from the meanings of constructions.