穗发芽相关基因Vp-1等位变异在西部春小麦品种中的分布研究初探

Preliminary Study on Distribution of Allelic Variation of Vp-1 in Western Spring Wheat Varieties

青海、西藏、甘肃、宁夏、陕西位于中国的西北和西南部,属于西部地区,由于各种条件的限制,目前对于该区春小麦穗发芽状况的研究很少。本研究利用Vp-1基因的STS功能标记Vp1B3对233份来自这一地区的春小麦品种进行PCR检测,以期为西部小麦抗穗发芽育种提供理论依据和种质资源。结果表明,西部春小麦品种(系)中,Vp1B3a(感穗发芽)、Vp1B3b(抗穗发芽)、Vp1B3c(抗穗发芽)基因型频率分别为30.04%、12.02%和57.94%,以Vp1B3a和Vp1B3c基因型为主。一般红粒品种较白粒品种抗穗发芽,但在西部地区白粒品种抗穗发芽基因型频率高于红粒品种。农家品种、引进品种、育成品种中Vp1B3a、Vp1B3b和Vp1B3c的基因型频率依次为38.85%、19.42%和41.73%,26.92%、0.00%和73.08%,13.24%、1.47%和85.29%,以抗穗发芽基因型为主。由于地理气候条件的不同,Vp1基因等位变异在3省2区的分布频率也有差异,以西藏地区抗穗发芽基因型分布频率最高。

Qinghai,Tibet,Gansu,Ningxia and Shanxi which lies in the northwest and southwest of China,belongs to the western region.Due to the limits of various conditions,there is little study on the pre-harvest sprouting in this area. In order to provide theoretical basis and germplasm resources for pre-harvest sprouting resistance breeding of wheat in west,a functional marker Vp1B3 was used to investigate 233 wheat cultivars through PCR. The results indicated that the frequencies of cultivars with the genotype Vp1Ba（ susceptible to PHS）,Vp1Bb（ resistant to PHS） and Vp1Bc（ resistant to PHS） were 30. 04 %,12. 02 % and 57. 94 %. The genotype Vp1 Ba and Vp1 Bc was the major genotype in West. Previous studies have shown that red grain varieties were more resistant than white ones to PHS,but in the West the frequencies with the genotype of white grain varieties frequency was higher than red ones. Among landrace,introduced and bred cultivars,the frequencies of the genotype Vp1 Ba were 38. 85 %,19. 42 % and 41. 73 %. The frequencies of the genotype Vp1 Bb were 26. 92 %,0. 00 %and 73. 08 %. And the frequencies of the genotype Vp1 Bc were 13. 24 %,1. 47 % and 85. 29 %. Most of the cultivars were resistance genes. Because of the different geographical and climate conditions,the distribution of the Vp-1 gene allelic variation was also different. Among the five areas,the frequencies of resistance genes in Tibet were higher than the other four areas.