新疆加工番茄自交系产量与主要农艺性状关系的研究

Study on Correlations between Yield of Processing Tomato Inbred Lines and Major Characters in Xinjiang

为了探讨加工番茄自交系产量与主要性状之间的关系,为新疆加工番茄杂交新品种选育提供理论依据。以近20年间选育或引进改良的170个加工番茄自交系为试验材料,分别研究自交系产量与株高、单株结果数、单株产量、主茎花序数、主茎花朵数、果形指数和果肉厚等20个主要农艺性状之间的相关性,并进行逐步回归分析和通径分析。结果表明,自交系产量与株高、单株结果数、单株产量、主茎花朵数、亩株数、前期产量呈极显著正相关,而与分枝数、单果重、果形指数、果肉厚、心室数呈负相关,但相关性不显著,与可溶性固形物含量呈显著负相关。对自交系产量贡献较大的因子依次是前期产量>单株产量>亩株数>株高,得出产量回归方程为Y=-8.078×10-16+0.737 X1’+0.208 X2’+0.09 X3’+0.093 X4’-0.073 X5’。进一步主成分分析表明,7个主成分的累积贡献率达83.331%,依次为有效侧枝选择因子、果实宽度选择因子、主茎选择因子、果实长度选择因子、单株产量选择因子、产量制约因子和品质选择因子。总之,育种上主要从改良单株结果数、单果重和果实纵径3个方面来提高加工番茄产量,同时对品质性状也不能忽视;生产中加工番茄种植应根据品种特性(株高和株型)来确定合理的栽培密度,从而获得理想产量。在所有参试品种中,综合性状表现优于对照里格尔87-5的自交系有32个,这些品种(系)可作为加工番茄高产优质育种的核心亲本使用。

The aims of this study were to discuss correlations between processing tomato inbred lines＇ yield and major characters,and provide useful materials and theoretical guidance for breeding new processing tomato hybrid cultivars in Xinjiang. Totally,170 Xinjiang processing tomato inbred lines improved by our breeding group during the 20 years,were used to investigate the major agronomic characters in the experiment. Meanwhile,the correlation and path analysis were studied between inbred lines＇ yield and other 20 characters respectively. the 20 characters mainly include plant height,fruit number per plant,yield per plant,number of inflorescence of main stem,number of flower of main stem,fruit shape index,fruit flesh thickness and so on. The results indicated that inbred lines yield was very significant positive related with plant height,fruit number per plant,yield per plant,number of flower of main stem,plant number per 667 m^2 and early yield. While it was negative correlation with number of branch,single fruit weight,fruit shape index,fruit flesh thickness and number of ventricle,but their correlations were not significant. And inbred lines yield only was significant negative related with soluble solid content. The factors contributing to inbred lines yield in turns were： early yield 〉yield per plant〉 plant number per 667 m^2〉 plant height. The regression equation of yield were as follows： Y =- 8. 078 × 10^-16＋ 0. 737X1＇ ＋ 0. 208 X2＇ ＋ 0. 09 X3＇ ＋ 0. 093 X4＇- 0. 073 X5＇. And the results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of 7 principal components were 83. 331 %,followed by effective branches selecting factor,fruit width selecting factor,main stem selecting factor,fruit length selecting factor,yield per plant selecting factor,yield restricting factor and quality selecting factor respectively. In summary,for increasing processing tomato yield,breeders in Xinjiang should mainly take fruit number per plant,single fruit weight and Fruit length into consideration,and at the same time,quality character should be given due attention to. for production and cultivation,the density of processing tomato should be controlled at a reasonable level according to some cultivar＇s plant height and types. The32 were fine cultivars with good synthetical performance in 170 tested cultivars（ lines）,thus they can be used as core parent cultivars in processing tomato breeding programs targeting for high yield and good quality.