不同晒制方法与晒黄烟质量关系的研究

Effect of Curing Methods on Quality of Yellow Sun-cured Tobacco

探索晒黄烟不同晒制方法烟叶变色干燥规律及对烟叶质量的影响,为优化晒黄烟晒制技术,提高晒制质量奠定科学依据。设计3种晒制方法,结合环境温湿度、烟叶失水变色分析及烟叶内外在质量鉴定。不同部位烟叶晒制期所处的环境温、湿度条件虽然不同,但昼夜温、湿度变化与环境变化一致;随晒制进程推进烟叶失水率增大,而失水率分配及失水速度减小变慢;晒制3 d失水率分配75.24%~86.87%,失水速度25.08%/d^28.96%/d,是烟叶失水、变色的关键期;芭晒烟叶变色、干燥速度较快,晒制历时短,晒制后烟叶外观质量较好,平均单叶质量较重,化学成分比例较协调,感官质量较优,但需晒制场地较大,且竹篾芭成本高,晒制过程操作管理繁杂费工;架晒需晒制场地小,简易架成本低,操作管理简单用工少,但烟叶变色、干燥速度稍慢,晒制历时较长,晒制后烟叶颜色偏深,外观质量稍次,平均单叶质量较轻,化学成分比例欠协调,感官质量较差;棚晒烟叶变色、干燥速度及晒制历时以芭晒相近,晒制后烟叶外观质量、化学成分与芭晒相当,感官质量略优于芭晒,平均单叶质量居二位,晒制所需场地小,晒棚建盖成本低,晒制过程操作管理简便省工。棚晒是较为适合当地晒黄烟晒制的方法。

This study optimized the curing technology of yellow sun-cured tobacco during curing process based on the investigation of color hanging and the quality of tobacco leaves responded to the drying speed. Different part of tobacco leaves under different temperature and different humidity were inconsistent with the environment conditions. Water loss rate raised with the postpone of the curing,but the water loss delivering and speed slowed down. After curing for 3 days,delivering of water loss was 75. 24 %- 86. 87 %,and the speed was 25. 08 % /d- 28. 96 % / d. This indicated that it was a key period for tobacco water loss and color changing. Fast color changing and drying speed of tobacco leaves by curing on the bamboo fence led to short curing process,good sensory tobacco quality with high average single leaf weight and the reasonable ratio of the chemical components. But this curing method had several problems,including need for large square,high price of the bamboo fence,and the complex operating process and high labor cost. Curing on frame had the opposite result. Curing in greenhouse had the similar result with the curing on bamboo fence except the second single leaf weight. This method needed not large square,high cost of curing building,otherwise,it only needed easy management during the curing. Curing in greenhouse was the optimized local tobacco curing method.