对学习分类的再思考

The Classification of Learning:Dichotomy or Tracheotomy-and the Classification of School Learning & Continuous Learning

欧美学者对学习的分类存在着两分法和三分法的分歧。两分法没有涵盖非正式学习,三分法虽然涵盖了非正式学习,但在分类标准上却未能保持一致。笔者考察了这些研究者对学习分类的主要观点,认为对学习应该采用两分法和两个层次来分类比较合适,即学习可分为正式学习和非正式学习两大类,而正式学习则可分为正规学习和非正规学习两小类。这种分法既保持了分类标准的一致性,又涵盖了所有的学习类型。

Scholars of Europe and America make use of dichotomy and tracheotomy in the classification of learning.But dichotomy does not cover informal learning,and tracheotomy does not keep consistency in classification criteria although it does cover informal learning.This paper studies the main ideas of the classification of learning from both the individual and group researchers of Europe and America,analyzes their existing problems and tries to make a classification of learning on the basis of previous study.Finally,special studies are given on the classification of school learning and continuous learning.