历史脉络概念:美国文化遗产价值评估之方法学基础

Historic Contexts:The Conceptual Basis of Methodology for Cultural Heritage Evaluation in America

"历史脉络"是美国文化遗产保护工作中一项基础且核心的概念,遗产保存规划的第一步即是建立历史脉络,而后据此发展认定、价值评估、登录和干预处理的目标与优先性。建立历史脉络除了为规划的各阶段提供基本信息,也是一种整体认识观的体现,以此概念来组织保存活动能确保遗产呈现的历史得以保存,而不仅限于保护遗产本身。在实务工作中,历史脉络以"资产类型"的概念与实质历史资产相连接,并有具体程序据以实施,对于我国不可移动文物的价值评估具有重要的借鉴作用。

Historic context is an essential concept for cultural heritage evaluation in America. The first step for preservation planning is to establish historic contexts, based on which goals and priorities for the identification, evaluation, registration and treatment of historic properties could be developed. The use of historic contexts in organizing major preservation activities ensures that the activities result in the preservation of a wide variety of properties that represent history, rather than only a small, biased sample of properties. Historic contexts, as theoretical construct, are linked to actual historic properties through the concept of property type. The methodology and the specific procedure provide a valuable reference for our evaluation practice of unmovable cultural heritage.