鼻用制剂致不良反应181例文献分析

181 Cases of Adverse Drug Reactions Induced by Nasal Preparations:Literature Analysis

目的:探讨滴鼻液、鼻喷雾剂致不良反应(ADR)发生的特点及一般规律,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:检索2000-2013年国内医药期刊发表的文献,获得滴鼻液或鼻喷雾剂致ADR文献47篇,181例患者,并就ADR的相关情况进行统计、分析。结果:以鼻用减充血剂滴鼻液引发的ADR最为常见,且多为严重的ADR;患者多为10岁以下儿童;绝大部分ADR发生在给药后的24 h内;临床表现多与心血管功能障碍及中枢抑制有关。结论:临床医师和药师应关注鼻用减充血剂在儿童患者中的应用,加强用药指导,以减少鼻用制剂导致的ADR。

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the characteristics and general pattern of adverse drug reactions （ADRs）induced by nasal drops or nasal sprays, and to provide reference for rational drug use. METHODS： Retrieving domestic medical journals during 2000-- 2013, 47 literatures about nasal drops or nasal sprays induced ADR were collected, involving 181 patients. ADR cases were analyzed statistically. RESULTS： The most common ADRs were caused by Decongestant nasal drops, and most of them were serious ADR. Chil- dren under the age of 10 occupied the highest proportion; most of the ADRs occurred within 24 h after dosing. Clinical manifestations were mainly associated with cardiovascular dysfunction and central inhibition. CONCLUSIONS： Clinicians and pharmacists should fo- cus on the application of Decongestant nasal drops in children patients and enhance the medication guide to reduce the ADR induced by nasal preparations.