外出务工妇女与户籍妇女孕前保健知识知晓及服务获得情况比较分析

Knowledge and service utilization of preconception care among migrant women

目的：调查外出务工育龄妇女对出生缺陷预防和孕前优生健康检查的知晓和服务获得状况,为建立适宜高效的一级预防干预模式提供技术支持和依据.方法：对2013年3～8月在广东部分地区计划生育技术服务机构接受孕前优生健康检查服务的育龄妇女进行出生缺陷预防知识和孕前优生健康检查服务相关问卷调查.结果：调查对象外出务工组378名,户籍地常住组401名.779名对象年龄25.19±3.34岁.两组对象年龄、受教育程度和职业构成均无统计学差异（P均＞0.05）.调查对象对于出生缺陷的原因和预防措施及孕前优生服务项目等了解不全面.户籍地常住组对象对于如何获取这些免费服务的认知程度以及对孕前优生健康检查中地中海贫血筛查的意义知晓度明显高于外出务工组（P均＜0.05）.户籍地常住组对象出生缺陷预防知识得分高于外出务工组,且得分与对象受教育程度明显相关.结论：加强流动人口流入地出生缺陷相关知识科普宣传和孕前保健服务的提供,有利于提高目标人群出生缺陷一级预防效果.

Objective：To explore the knowledge and service utilization of preconception care among migrant women in order to provide technological supports to build a right and effective intervention model.Methods：A total of 779 women （378 migrant,401 resident as control） who experienced preconception health examination were recruited from March to August,2013.A questionnaire survey were conducted.Results：The average age of the respondents was 25.19±3.34 years old.There was no significant difference in age,educational level or occupation between the migrant group and the control group （P a11〉0.05）.The respondents knew little about preconception eugenic measures and services.Compared with the migrant group,women in the control group knew more about free access to these services and the importance of screening Mediterranean anemia through preconception eugenic check （P all〈0.05）.The migrant group got lower score for knowledge of birth defects than the control group.Conclusion：The scientific propaganda about knowledge and preconception care in the primary prevention of birth defect should be promoted in the inflow region of migrant population in order to improve the effect of primary intervention for birth defects among the target population.