政府规范性文件备案审查制度研究

Study on the Recording Review System of Government's Regulatory Documents

党的十八届四中全会明确提出要加强宪法实施。我国《宪法》和《地方组织法》赋予地方人民政府制定规范性文件的职权。按照人民代表大会制度的理论,本级人大常委会对政府规范性文件享有监督权,对不适当的政府规范性文件应予撤销。《监督法》授权省级人大常委会参照立法法制定政府规范性文件备案审查的程序,但各地的地方性法规对备案审查范围、备案审查机构、报备期限、备案审查原则、备案审查程序等规定不一致,造成了法制不统一的局面。明确审查原则和机构、统一审查标准和程序,是维护法制统一的内在逻辑,也是确立备案审查制度的客观要求。

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clarified the request for strengthening the implementation of the Constitution. The Constitution and the Organic Law of the Local People＇ s Congress and Local People＇ s Governments of the PRC vest local people＇ s government with the power of formulating regulatory documents. According to the theory of the system of People＇ s Congress, the Standing Committee of the People＇ s Congress at the corresponding level enjoys authority to supervise government＇ s regulatory documents, and should revoke government＇ s improper regulatory documents. The Supervision Law empowers the Standing Committee of the People＇ s Congress of provinces to formulate the procedure for recording review on regulatory documents of the government according to the Legislation Law. But due to the incorrespondence of local regulations, the range, organization, term, principles and procedure of recording review is various from place to place, which has caused the incorrespondence of law and system. Clearer definition of the principles and organization, as well as correspondence of standards and procedure, is not only the internal logic of upholding the uniformity of law and system, but also the objective requirement for establishment of the recording review system.