探寻区域义务教育优质均衡发展的新机制——以集团化办学为例

Exploring the New Mechanisms of Balanced High Quality Development of Regional Compulsory Education:An Example of Collective School Running

自《义务教育法》颁布以来,我国义务教育在政策层面由效率优先式重点发展转向公平导向下的均衡发展,在实践层面则由普惠式均衡转向优质均衡,与其相关的资源配置、经费保障、师资交流和质量监控等机制研究也开始受到关注。近十多年来,我国东部地区为推进义务教育优质均衡发展而推出的委托管理、名校集团化、一校多区或一校多校等多种路径和方式,也因其各自的特征和效果而产生了引人注目的影响力,其中集团化办学战略触及到教育管理体制和机制的变革,尤其值得关注。在推进教育综合改革并致力于教育治理体系和治理能力现代化的背景下,笔者以杭州市江干区在"名校集团化"探索基础上创建"新教育共同体"的实践以及亲身参与该区"凯旋教育集团"建设的经历为例,阐述了以集团化办学战略促进区域义务教育优质均衡发展并推动体制机制创新的必要性与可能性,以及经由体制机制创新走向教育治理现代化的重要意义。

Since the publication of Compulsory Education Law, on the policy level, the compulsory education in China has been transforming from selective development that focus on efficiency to balanced development that emphasize equality. On the practical level, it has been transforming from the inclusive balance to high quality balance. Relevant researches on its resource allocation, financial guarantee, teacher exchange, and quality monitoring mechanism are gaining popularities. In the past ten years, various school running innovations such as entrusted management, collective school running, and school merge have been carried out in some eastern provinces to promote the balanced high quality development of compulsory education, and these practices are influential due to their characteristics and outcomes. Among them, the collective school running has been associated with the reform of education management system and is worth special attention. In this paper, the author analyzed the practice of building the ＂new education community＂ based on the collective school running experiment carried out in Jianggan district of Hanghou; and in addition, the author offered some self-experiences about the foundation of ＂Kaixuan Education Group＂ as an example. By doing so, under the background of education reform and the modernization of education management, the author discussed the necessity and possibility of promoting the balanced high quality development of regional compulsory education and the innovation of education management system through collective school running strategy, and the significance of the realization of education management modernization through system innovation.