社会支持在犯罪青少年及情绪障碍青少年依恋模式和应对方式间的中介作用

Effect of social support as medium in the process of attachment styles and coping styles on criminal teenagers and adolescents with mood disorders

目的 探讨社会支持的中介作用对犯罪青少年和情绪障碍青少年的依恋模式以及应对方式的影响.方法 采用应对方式问卷、亲密关系问卷和社会支持评定量表,抽取177例犯罪青少年、80例情绪障碍青少年和163例正常青少年进行问卷调查.结果 ①三组在依恋回避、依恋焦虑、客观支持、主观支持、对支持利用度、解决问题、合理化、自责和退避等维度差异显著（F=7.902,8.047,59.009,19.248,5.304,7.596,10.652,6.699,11.009; P＜0.05）.②情绪障碍组依恋回避与对支持利用度、求助呈显著负相关（r=-0.470,-0.350; P＜0.01）;犯罪组依恋回避与主观支持、支持利用度呈显著负相关（r=-0.232,-0.235;P＜0.01）,主观支持与解决问题呈显著正相关（r=0.272,P＜0.01）,支持利用度与解决问题、求助呈显著正相关（r=0.258,0.424;P＜0.01）,依恋焦虑与客观支持呈显著负相关、与自责呈显著正相关（r=-0.253,0.300;P＜0.01）.③情绪障碍组和犯罪组对支持利用度在依恋回避和求助之间都起到完全中介作用;犯罪组主观支持和对支持利用度在依恋回避和解决问题之间均起部分中介作用.结论 犯罪青少年和情绪障碍青少年都具有不安全型依恋特征,在社会支持方面均有欠缺,且都容易采取消极退避的应对方式.两类问题青少年的依恋模式均通过社会支持的中介作用对应对方式产生影响,但影响路径略有差异.

Objective To explore the medium effect of social support in process of attachment styles and coping styles on criminal juveniles and adolescents with mood disorders.Methods The survey used in the research included Experiences of Close Relationships Inventory （ECR）,Social Support Revalued Scale（SSRS） and Coping Style Questionnaire（CSQ） conducted by three groups：177 criminal juveniles,80 adolescents with mood disorders and 163 normal teenagers.Results Firstly,there were significant differences in the avoidant attachment,attachment anxiety,objective support,subjective support,utilization of support,solving problem,rationalization,self-accusation and retreat among three groups （F=7.902,8.047,59.009,19.248,5.304,7.596,10.652,6.699,11.009;P〈0.05）.Secondly,attachment avoidance had significant negative correlation with both utilization of support and help seeking behaviors in the group of mood disorders （r =-0.470,-0.350; P〈 0.01）.Similarly,avoidant attachment had significant negative correlation with both subjective support and utilization of support respectively （r=-0.232,-0.235 ; P〈0.01） in the group of criminal juveniles.The subjective support had significant positive correlation with solving problem （r=0.272,P〈0.01） and as well as the utilization of support with both solving problem and help seeking behaviors （r=0.258,0.424; P〈 0.01）.Attachment anxiety had significant negative correlation with objective support and had significant positive correlation with self-accusation respectively （r=-0.253,0.300;P〈0.01）.Finally,utilization of support as a medium completely effect on the process of avoidant attachment and help seeking behaviors in the group of mood disorder and criminal juveniles.Moreover,subjective support and utilization of support as medium both affected a part in the process of avoidant attachment and solving problem for the group of criminal juveniles.Conclusion First,both adolescents with mood disorders and criminal juveniles have unsafe attachment mode,which are lacked social support and easy to take negative coping styles.Yet,the level of attachment avoidance and subjective support of criminal juveniles was found different compared to teenagers with mood disorder.Second,the attachment styles for both adolescents with mood disorders and criminal juveniles have impact on coping styles by the means of social support,but there were slightly different way.