《程氏易传》论道与政

The Issues of the Way and the Politics in Cheng's Commentary on the Book of Changes

《程氏易传》的政治思想包含三个层面。首先是"治体",即政治的方向与基础,对此程颐通过"中"与"正"的关系作出说明;其次是"治法",即政治的法则与举措,对此程颐通过"仁"与"公"的关系作出讨论;最后是"治者",即政治的决策者与管理者,对此程颐通过"德"与"位"的关系作出展开。通过对这三个层面的阐发,程颐既保证了"以德为本"、"政道合一"的儒家政治思想的传统,同时又承认了政治问题的相对独立性,确立政制、社会、经济、教育、人才等具体建设的必要性。

The political thought in the Commentary on the Book of Changes,written by Cheng Yi,contains three aspects:1)according to Cheng Yi,the issue of'the roots of politics'(zhi ti),which are to discuss the direction and foundation of politics,can be addressed through the relationship between'equilibrium'(zhong)and'rightness'(zheng);2)the issue of'the methods and procedures of politics'(zhi fa)can be addressed through the relationship between'humaneness'(ren)and'common good'(gong);and 3)the issue of'the policymakers and governors of politics'(zhi zhe)can be addressed through the relationship between'virtue'(de)and'position'(wei).After explaining and addressingthe above issues,Cheng Yi,on the one hand,ensured and maintained the Confucian political tradition,which can be concluded as propositions such as 'virtue(de)is the root of politics'and'politics and the Way should be merged together';and,on the other hand,admitted that politics has its relative independence.