上海地区某医院门诊儿童流感社会经济负担调查

Socio-economic impact of influenza in children： a single-centered hospital study in Shanghai

目的 监测和评估2011年至2012年流感季节上海地区儿童流行性感冒（流感）的流行特征及其相应社会经济负担.方法 在2011年6月至2012年5月连续1年间,前瞻性监测因流感样疾病就诊于复旦大学附属儿科医院的门诊患儿,收集呼吸道标本和临床资料,进行流感病毒的检测.在流感暴发流行期间,采用问卷调查法评估确诊病例的疾病负担.结果 共入选1 119例患儿,流感病毒阳性病例370例（33.1％）,甲型H3N2流感病毒阳性109例（9.7％）,乙型流感病毒阳性279例（24.9％）,未发现新型甲型H1N1流感病毒感染病例.不同月份流感检出率为1.1％ ～ 91.2％,不同月份优势流行株有所差异,2011年12月至2012年2月以乙型流感流行为主,2012年3月至2012年4月以甲型H3N2流感流行为主.共232例确诊流感的患儿接受问卷调查,其中甲型H3N2流感儿童病例69例,乙型流感儿童病例163例.每例流感患儿在医院就诊的平均费用为706.10元,每例流感患儿因家人误工造成的间接经济损失为293.80元,每例流感患儿总的平均费用为999.90元.每例平均就诊次数2.7次;抗生素使用率67.2％;家庭成员继发发病率21.1％;肺炎并发症发生率5.6％.甲型H3N2流感与乙型流感对于患儿及其家庭所造成的疾病负担无明显差异.结论 2011年6月至2012年5月期间上海地区儿童流感主要系甲型H3N2流感病毒和乙型流感病毒感染所致.在流感流行期间,流感对儿童及其家庭有明显的社会经济学影响,提倡接种流感疫苗预防儿童流感,降低疾病负担.

Objective To monitor the epidemic pattern of influenza in children during the 2011-2012 season in Shanghai and to evaluate the socioeconomic burden of influenza in children.Methods We carried out a prospective surveillance program on influenza among children who visiting the outpatient clinic for influenza-like illness （ILI） between June 2011 and May 2012.Respiratory samples as well as related demographic and clinical data were obtained from the enrolled cases.Socio-economic burden was evaluated using the questionnaires for some of the confirmed cases during the outbreak.Results Out of the 1 119 enrolled cases,influenza viruses were virologically confirmed,using the RT-PCR in 370 （33.1%） otherwise healthy children.Among them,109 （9.7%） were positive for influenza A/H3N2 viruses,and 279 （24.9%） were positive for influenza B viruses.The 2011-2012 seasonal outbreak of influenza among children with Shanghai residency started with the major outbreak of influenza B during December 2011-Feburary 2012,followed by the smaller outbreak of influenza A/H3N2 during March-April,2012.A total of 69 influenza A/H3N2-infected cases and 163 influenza B-infected cases were surveyed to evaluate the influenza-associated disease burden.The average costs per case were 706.10 Yuan and the average indirect costs per case incurred by the work loss of family members were 293.80 Yuan,with the total average costs per case were 999.90 Yuan.Mean visits to medical settings were 2.7,with antibiotics used in 67.2% of the cases.Secondary household cases were seen in 21.1% of the cases.Pneumonia was diagnosed in 5.6% of the cases.The burden of disease increased from both influenza A/H3N2 and influenza B but without significant differences between them.Conclusion Influenza A/H3N2 and influenza B viruses caused outbreaks of influenza in children with Shanghai residency during the 2011-2012 season.Socioeconomic burden of influenza in children showed significantly direct impact on the sick children and an indirect impact on their families.Influenza vaccination should be recommended in children to reduce the disease burden.