养育方式对6月龄~4岁儿童睡眠状况的影响

Impact of parental rearing pattern on the sleep problems among children aged 6 months to 4 years old

目的了解6月龄~4岁儿童睡眠问题的发生现状,分析家庭养育方式对儿童睡眠状况的影响,为儿童睡眠障碍的早期干预提供一些参考依据。方法采用参考国际睡眠障碍分类和国内同行标准自行设计的调查问卷,于2010年5-8月调查北京市海淀区1所幼儿园和1家儿童早期发育门诊236名6月龄~4岁儿童。结果在被调查的236名儿童中,儿童睡眠问题的发生比例为57.6%,睡眠不安、节律紊乱以及异态睡眠的比例分别为47.7%、4.6%和22.3%。不同年龄儿童的睡眠问题发生比例差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。经过非条件Logistic回归分析发现白天主要看护人为儿童母亲、儿童睡觉前需要睡眠安慰的儿童发生睡眠问题的风险增加（OR值分别为2.838和2.648）。结论学龄前儿童睡眠问题发生比例较高,一些家庭养育方式可能与儿童睡眠问题的发生有关。

Objective To investigate the situation of sleep problems among younger children,and to analyze the influencing factors in parental rearing pattern,and to provide a basis for the early intervention of children＇s sleep problems.Methods From May to August in 2010,children between 6months and 4years old from a kindergarten and a clinic on the development in early childhood in Haidian district were investigated with self-designed questionnaire on children＇s sleep problems according to the ICSD. Results The prevalence of sleep problems was 57.6%among 236 surveyed children.The proportion of restless sleep,disorder of sleep rhythm and abnormal sleep were 47.7%,4.6% and 22.3% respectively.The difference of the prevalence of sleep problems among different-aged groups was significant（P〈0.05）.According to the nonconditional logistic regression analysis,increased risk of sleep problems was found in the group of the main care during the day being mother（OR=2.838）and children needing sleep comfort（OR=2.648）. Conclusion The prevalence of sleep problems among younger children is quite high,and the problems may be associated with parental rearing pattern.