丰顺客闽双方言词汇比较研究

A Comparative Study on Hakka and Min Vocabulary in Double-dialect Area in Fengshun

梅州市是客家方言最集中的地区。除了纯客县外,有些县既有说客家话的人口,又有说闽南话的人口,我们把这样的县称之为"非纯客县",把这样的地区称之为"双方言"地区。丰顺县是梅州市唯一的一个"非纯客县",隍、黄金、汤南和潭江等乡镇属于客闽"双方言"地区。通过多次对黄金、隍等乡镇客闽"双方言"的语言状况进行详细的调查,特别是从客闽方言词汇特点的比较研究,我们看到一些现象:优势语言可以影响弱势语言,然而,弱势语言口语中的基本词汇仍然保留。即客家话虽受闽南话影响,但仍然保留了客家方言词汇的基本特点。闽南话同样受客家话的影响,其词汇特点又与潮州话有所不同。

Meizhou City is the main concentration area of Hakka dialect. Apart from the pure Hakka dialect counties,some county has both Hakka and Minnan population. We usually call such county as ＂non-pure Hakka County＂,and accordingly call this area as ＂double-dialect ＂one. Fengshun is the only ＂non-pure Hakka County＂in Meizhou area. The towns of Liu Huang,Gold,Tangnan and Tanjiang belong to ＂double-dialect＂area. The author carried the detailed investigation many times on the atmosphere of double-dialect in the towns of Gold and Liuhuang,especially on the comparative study between the lexical features of Hakka and Minnan dialect.The phenomenon is found that the dominant dialect can affect the weak one,but the basic oral vocabulary in weak dialect still remains. That is,the Hakka dialect remains the basic lexical features although it is affected by the Minnan dialect. Equally Minnan dialect is affected by the Hakka,and its lexical features is therefore different from Chaozhou dialect.