地方性知识与社会安全阀:客家村落传统民俗变迁——以长汀县“打石佛”“闹春田”民俗为例

Local Knowledge and Social Safety Valve: First Exploration for the Function of Hakka Traditional Folk Custom—with the customs of“hitting stone Buddha”and“playing on field”in Changting county as an example

在福建西部长汀县童坊镇举林村与举河村流传百余年的"闹春田"习俗,以及在四都镇渔溪村举行的"打石佛"活动,不仅展示了客家人以丘陵山区农耕文化为基础的地方性知识,而且以集体狂欢的形式化解不同姓氏宗族之间的矛盾,达成地方社会结构中各种力量的动态平衡,起到了社会安全阀的作用。通过对闽西客家传统民俗"打石佛"与"闹春田"的深入解读,在重新审视现代民俗理论的基础上,可以进一步廓清客家村落传统民俗的现代变迁。

The ＂hitting stone Buddha＂held on Yuxi village of Sidu town and the ＂playing on field＂held on Julin and Juhe village of Tongfang town,not only demonstrate the local knowledge of Hakka on the base of agriculture in hilly and mountainous area,but also resolve the conflict between different clansman in form of the collective hilarity,so to reach the dynamic equilibrium of the local social structure,and play the role of the social safety valve. We can supplement and complete further the narration of the social function and modern change of folk custom on the base of reexamining the theory of contemporary folklore.