董仲舒灾异说对后世的影响

Influence of Dong Zhongshu's Idea of Natural Disasters and Unusual Natural Phenomena on Future Generations

董仲舒在《贤良三策》中讨论了自然灾害在社会中的作用及其对政治的影响。他能成为"儒者宗",和他始推阴阳灾异有直接关系。在他的影响之下,刘向刘歆父子、眭孟、夏侯胜、京房、翼奉、谷永、李寻等经学大师,竞相效仿,都成为灾异言政事的名家,经学的神秘化、神学化恶性发展。到西汉末年谶言、纬书的泛滥,达到了高峰。不过,董仲舒的灾异论也不是空穴来风。通过自然对我们的报复,我们也学会了人性化的自然知识。人与自然的关系迄今并没有得到科学的对待,只有人性化地对待自然,才能学会与自然相处,从自然中吸取教训,善待自然,获得人类最佳的生存空间,避免自然灾害的报复。

Dong Zhongshu discussed the role that natural disasters played in a society and its influence on politics in his Xianliang Sance. That he could become number one among the Confucianists was closely related to his ideas of yin-yang and natural disasters and unusual natural phenomena. Under his influence, the masters of classics such as Liu Xiang and Liu Xin, the father and son, Sui Meng, Xia Housheng, Jing Fang, Yi Feng, Gu Yong and Li Xun all followed the example of him and became the famous experts who talked about political issues with the combination of natural disasters and unusual natural phenomena so that the mystery and theology of Classics developed badly. In the later years of the Western Han Dynasty, books on theology prophecies flooded and reached the high peak. However, Dongzhongshu’s idea of natural disasters and unusual natural phenomena is not groundless. Through the revenge of nature on us, we can learn humanized knowledge of nature. The relations between human and nature have not been treated scientificly and only when we treat nature humanly, can we learn how to get along with nature, draw lessons from nature and treat nature in a friendly way to get the best human living space and avoid the revenge of natural disasters.