父亲张岱年信持辩证唯物论的前因后果

A Strong Belief in Dialectical Materialism Held by My Father Zhang Dainian:Cause and Effect Analysis

父亲张岱年认为:哲学理论问题,有西方的表达方式,如思维与存在、精神与物质;也有中国的表达方式,如理气、心物等。"我作为一个中国人,比较习惯于中国的表达方式"。晚年他将自己的哲学基本观点概括为十大命题:1)物我同实;2)物统事理;3)一本多级;4)物体心用;5)思成于积;6)真知三表;7)充生达理;8)本至有辨;9)群己一体;10)兼和为上。他的哲学理论,有一些独抒己见的观点,是他的创新:1)分别本至,提出本至之辩;2)提出"物统事理"的命题。以"事""理""物"为宇宙哲学的基本范畴;3)肯定了和谐的重要意义;4)提出充生达理、胜乖达和的人生理想;5)以"与群为一"为道德的最高准则;6)主张以"兼和"易"中庸"。这些观点的基本倾向是,在理论上是唯物的,在方法上兼综了逻辑分析法与唯物辩证法。"既肯定客观世界的实在性,又昂扬人的主体自觉性"。

Zhang Dainian thinks on the issue of philosophical theories there are both western and Chinese ways of expressions, such as thought and existence and spirits and materials in the west and the theories of “li and qi ” and “mind and nature” in China. He says, “As a Chinese, I’m accustomed to the Chinese way”. In his later years he sums up his basic philosophical ideas to ten propositions. First, both subject and object are concrete. Second, things exist continuously which have the reasons in the course of their existence, namely, reasons are in the affairs. Third, material is the essence of life and soul. Four, the heart acts on the body. Five, the thought is a result of accumulation day by day. Six, there are three levels for the measurement of truth, namely, words spoken reasonably, views founded well and actions done effectively. Seven, the way of living lies in fulfilling life continuously to an ideal state. Eight, the origin of universe and moral ideal belong to different levels. Nine, society and individual is a whole which shouldn’t be separated. Ten, harmony is the supreme pursuit of mankind. There are some innovations in his philosophical theories. First, he distinguishes the origin of the universe from moral ideal. Second, he proposes the concept of reasons existing in the affairs. Third, he affirms the significance of harmony. Four, he holds the view of fulfilling life to the ideal state. Five, he gives the highest standard for the unity of individual and society. Six, he advocates the unity of contradictions. All his views tend to materialism theoretically, which is a synthesis of logic analysis and materialistic dialectic. Zhang Dainian’s philosophical theories not only affirm the reality of objective world but also greet the consciousness of people.