鼻流在上海话鼻音中的表现——兼论上海话与标准法语的鼻音音素侵入比率的异同

The Presence of Airflow in Nasal Phonetics of Shanghai Dialect——Concurrently on the Difference Between Shanghai Dialect and the Standard French

鼻音和鼻化是实验语言学研究的一个重要课题。世界上超过99%的语言都有鼻化元音及辅音,据统计几乎所有语言的元音都会被鼻化。上海话有口元音和鼻化元音两种元音,本篇文章的研究对象是上海话中具有一个鼻音音素的单音节组合和具有一个鼻音音素的多音节的组合。在发音的过程中,鼻音音素会对其前一音素和后一音素进行侵入。运用气流气压仪和分析软件,对上海话鼻音音素的前一音素和后一音素的气流气压的表现数据结果进行分析、计算,探索鼻音音素(包括鼻辅音和鼻化元音,鼻辅音又包括鼻韵尾和鼻声母)在V^+V,V^+Cvoiced,V^+Cunvoiced,N+V,N+C,V+V~,Cvoiced+V~,Cunvoiced+V~,V+N等结构中的表现,以求更加深入的了解鼻音及其协同发音的过程。将上海话同法语的鼻音音素的侵入表现进行比较,实验结果表明,上海话和法语有其相似性,但也有类型上的差别。

Nasal and nasalization is one of the most important topics in linguistic research experiments. More than 99% of the world＇s languages have nasal vowels and consonants, according to statistics. Nearly all languages＇ vowels are nasalized. Shanghai dialect has oral vowels and nasal vowels which are similar with Standard French. The research objects of this article are the monosyllables or polysyllables which contain phonemes with one nasal phoneme in Shanghai after phonemes. The haviour of the velum dialect. In the process of the nasal phoneme pronunciation, airflow will invade the before or goal of this paper is to compare the degree of anticipatory and caiTyover phenomena in the beduring the pronunciation. Tautosyllabic or inter - syllabic nasal coarticulation are investigated in V^- ＋ V , V^- ＋ Cvoiced tems, comparing different process. The aerodynamic ①, V^- ＋ Cunvoiced, N ＋ V, N ＋ C, V ＋ V＂, Cvoiced ＋ V＂, Cunvoiced ＋ V＂, V ＋ N ivowel and consonant types in order data of anticipatory and carryover to more in - depth understanding of the coarticulation phenomena in Shanghai dialect and French are com- pared roughly. The experimental results show that, the Shanghai dialect and French have their similarities, but alsohave their difference in typology.