北京市中小学校学生伤害流行特征分析

Epidemiological investigation of injuries among primary and middle school students in Beijing city

目的了解北京市中小学校学生伤害流行现状,为制定北京市中小学生伤害预防控制政策和措施提供科学依据。方法多级抽取北京市16个区县104所中小学校的17 086名学生,对其在2011年9月1日至2012年8月31日期间发生的伤害病例进行回顾性问卷调查。结果 2011—2012学年中小学校学生伤害发生率为12.87%,其中男生为15.64%,女生为10.19%;小学一至三年级学生为8.24%,小学四至六年级学生为13.11%,初中生为17.28%,高中生为13.32%。在各种伤害类型中,跌落伤发生率最高,为7.36%。伤害病例中发生地点前3位的依次是学校、家中、马路/道路;发生时进行的活动前3位的是行走(28.01%)、体育活动(23.49%)、休闲娱乐(20.78%);受伤部位前3位的是手部/脚部、下肢、头面部。平均每次伤害造成5.03 d休息,1.76 d缺课。结论伤害已经成为影响北京市学生健康的重要问题之一。伤害病例发生在学生学习、生活的各个场所和环节,应开展全方位的学生伤害防控工作。

Objective To investigate the current situation of injuries among primary and middle school students in Beijing and to provide a scientific basis for injury prevention and control policies and measures. Methods Multi-level sampling method was used. A retrospective investigation was conducted for student injury using questionnaire method from Sep. 1st, 2011 to Aug. 31th, 2012. A total of 17 086 students were selected from 104 primary and middle schools of 16 districts or counties in Beijing. Results The incidence of injuries among primary and middle school students in 2011-2012 was 12.87%. And the incidence of boys was 15.64%, girls was 10.19%. Among all the students that were investigated, lower grade （Grade 1-3） of primary school students＇ injury incidence was 8.24%, the higher grade （ Grade 4-6 ） of primary school students was 13.11 %. The incidence of junior middle school students was 17.28%, and the incidence of senior middle school students was 13.32%. Among all kinds of injuries, the incidence of fall injury （ 7.36% ） was the highest. The top three places where injuries were prone to he happening were： school, home, street/road; the top three activities which were prone to cause injuries were： walking 128.01% ） , sports （ 23.49%） , and entertainments （ 20.78% ）; the top three body parts that were most prone to be injured were hands/feet, lower limbs, head ＆ face. The average rest time being caused by injury was 5.03 days, 1.76 days absent from school. Conclusion Injuries have become one of the most important problems that affect student health in Beijing. Injury events generally occurred in each students＇ learning and living places. Comprehensive prevention and controll works should be taken in order to protect the students from injuries.