农村不同经营模式学校食堂膳食营养素供给量分析

Food pattern and nutrients provided by two types of school canteens in rural boarding school

目的了解农村学校不同经营模式食堂为学生提供的膳食营养素状况,为学校食堂的食品营养与安全管理提供依据。方法抽取河南省南阳地区农村学校食堂12所,采用称重法记录1周内连续5 d学校食堂每日食物消耗种类和数量,采用营养计算软件算出各种营养素的日人均供应量,结果与中国居民营养素推荐摄入量（RNI）进行比较。结果农村地区寄宿制学校食堂膳食谷类供应比例为49%-61%;畜禽肉、蛋及豆类供应比例为0-8%;水果、鱼虾及奶类供应量为0-0.24%。能量供应占推荐摄入量的比例为71%-97%;蛋白质供应量均在RNI的80%以上;除维生素B1外,维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素C、维生素A供应量普遍不足;钙、铁、锌的食堂日人均供应量均低于RNI的73%,钠供应量高于RNI（244%-360%）。来源于动物性食物和豆类及其制品的蛋白质占蛋白质总量的5%-25%。结论不同经营模式食堂所供应膳食结构均不完全合理,两种经营模式食堂蛋白质供应量充足,但优质蛋白不足,多数维生素和钙、铁、锌等矿物质供应不足。

Objective To explore dietary pattern and nutrients provided by two types of school canteens in rural boarding school, and to provide evidence for standard school canteens. Methods Twelve rural boarding school canteens in Henan province were selected. Detailed description of the food and its weight was recorded in 5 consecutive days. Energy and nutritional elements were calculated, and the results were contrasted with Reference Nutrient Intakes （ RNI ）. Results The proportion of grain was 49% -61%, meat and poultry, eggs, beans was 0-8%, fruits, fish and milk was 0-0.24% by the school canteens. The percentages of energy supply was 71-97% compared to the RNI. The proportion of protein supply was more than 80% for all school canteens compared to the RNI. The supply of vitamin B2 , B61 C and vitamin A was insufficient. The proportion of calcium, iron zinc supply was less than 73% compared with the RNI, however, the salt was more than 244%-360% compared with the RNI. Conclusion Food pattern provided by school canteens in rural boarding school was worrisome.It is important for school canteens to provide diets and foods rich in high quality protein, vitamins and minerals.