四川资中县农村留守初中生心理健康变化及其影响因素分析

Multilevel model analysis on changes of psychological health among rural left-behind children in junior high schools in Si-chuan

目的比较四川省南部农村初中留守儿童与非留守儿童心理健康变化趋势,为有效预防留守儿童心理问题的发生提供科学依据。方法采用纵向研究方法,以四川省未受地震影响的经济水平、外出务工情况具有代表性的效忠县2所农村初中一年级学生为研究对象,应用中学生心理健康量表、心理弹性量表、社会支持量表以及自行设计的基本情况调查表进行3 a追踪调查,采用多水平模型及其他统计学方法进行统计分析。结果农村初中留守儿童与非留守儿童的心理健康变化趋势差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。留守儿童心理健康的主要影响因素包括年级、照顾者的要求、父母关系、心理弹性及社会支持各维度(P值均<0.05)。与七年级相比,八、九年级的回归系数分别为0.115,0.163;与照顾者要求严格相比,要求宽松的回归系数为0.152;与父母关系良好的相比,父母关系一般和父母关系不好的回归系数为0.088,0.361;心理弹性的回归系数为-0.097;家庭支持、朋友支持及其他支持的回归系数分别为0.164,0.137,0.173。结论初中留守儿童心理健康与"留守"无直接关系。照顾者严格要求、父母良好的关系、心理弹性和社会支持是心理健康的保护因素;随着年龄增加,留守与非留守儿童的心理健康状况均有下降趋势。

Objective To compare changes of psychological health between left-behind children and un-left-behind children in junior high school in southern Sichuan province, and to explore its main influencing factors. Methods Representative students in grade one from two junior high schools were selected and followed up for three years. Psychological Health Status of Middie School Students Scale, HKRA, SSAS and basic information questionnaires were implemented. Multilevel model analysis was used. Results There was no difference on the changes of psychological health between left-behind and non-left-behind children （P 〉0.05 ）. The main influencing factors of left-behind children＇s psychological health included grade, caregivers requirements, parental relation, psychological resilience and dimension of social support（P〈0.05）.The regression coefficient of grade 8 and 9 was 0.115,0.163 respectively compared with grade 7.The regression coefficient of loose requirements was 0.152 compared with strict requirements from parents;The regression coefficient of moderate relationship and bad relationship with parents was 0.088,0.361 compared with good relationship with parents.The regression coefficient of psychological resilvence was 0.097 ;Regression coefficinet of family support,friends support and other support was 0.163,0.137,0.173 respectively. Conclusion Psychological health of left-behind children is not directly correlated with ＂left-behind＂ experience. The protective factors for psychological health are strict requirements from parents, good relationships, psychological resilience and social support. But with the increase of age, psychological health of all children shows the sign of decrease.