农村留守儿童心理健康与应对方式

Mental health and coping styles among rural left-behind children

目的了解贵州省农村留守儿童的心理健康状况、应对方式及其相互关系,为农村留守儿童心理健康发展提供参考依据。方法分层整群抽取贵州省定新乡和重新镇四-九年级学生1 569名,采用一般情况调查表和＂心理健康诊断测验（MHT）＂与＂简易应对方式问卷＂,以班级为单位进行现场问卷调查。结果 1 569名农村儿童中,留守儿童占34.2%。留守小学生MHT全量表分和学习焦虑、孤独倾向、过敏倾向分量表得分均高于非留守小学生（t值分别为2.254,2.171,2.476,2.099,P值均〈0.05）;留守初中生MHT全量表分、学习焦虑、恐怖倾向、冲动倾向分量表得分均高于非留守初中生（t值分别为2.666,2.358,3.862,2.076,P值均〈0.05）。留守小学生对人焦虑检出率较非留守小学生高,留守初中生学习焦虑、恐怖倾向检出率较非留守初中生高（χ^2值分别为6.131,6.601,6.875,P值均〈0.05）。留守小学生消极应对方式得分（8.23±3.64）高于非留守小学生得分（7.54±3.68）（t=2.533,P〈0.05）。多重线性回归分析结果显示,调整可能的混杂因素后,消极应对方式与该地留守儿童心理健康有关（P〈0.05）。结论该地农村留守中小学生的心理健康较非留守中小学生稍差,在学习焦虑、恐怖倾向、对人焦虑等心理问题方面留守中小学生表现较明显。消极应对方式可能是留守儿童心理健康的负性影响因素。

Objective To examine mental health and coping styles among left-behind children in rural area of Guizhou. Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to choose 1 569 students of grade 4 to grade 9 from middle schools in Dingxin and Chongxin. A self-designed questionnaire, Mental Health Test （ MHT） and Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist （ASLEC） were implemented among all the participants. Results The proportion of left-behind children was 34.2% （31.9%- 36.5% ）. Total scores and academic anxiety, allergic, lonely tendency score of left-behind pupil were higher than those of non-left- behind（ P〈0.05 ）. Total scores and academic anxiety, terror, impulse score of left-behind middle school students were higher than those of non-left-behind（ P〈0.05 ）. The detection rate of academic anxiety and social anxiety among left-behind was higher than non- left-behind（P〈0.05）. Social anxiety and terror among middle school students of left-behind was higher than non-left-behind（P〈 0.05）. Negative coping style among left-behind pupil was higher than non-left-behind（P〈0.05）. Results of multiple linear regres- sion analysis showed coping style was associated with mental health.Conclusion Rural left-behind children in Guizhou are at potential risk of mental health problems compared with control counterparts. Negative coping style might have possible mediating influence on it.