昆明市中学生抑郁症状与父母教养方式的相关性

Correlation between depressive symptoms and parental rearing patterns of middle school students in Kunming urban area

目的探讨昆明市中学生抑郁症状与父母教养方式的相关性,为改善不良家庭环境的教育方式及中学生的抑郁症状提供依据。方法采用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)、父母教养方式评价表(EMBU)和自编问卷,对分层整群抽取的昆明市3所中学的2 128名中学生进行调查。结果在2 128名中学生中,筛选出抑郁症患者376例,检出率为17.7%,其中女生(19.2%)高于男生(16.1%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.582,P<0.05);是否为独生子及初、高中生间检出率差异均无统计学意义(χ2值分别为1.690,0.214,P值均>0.05)。父亲的情感温暖与理解及过度保护和母亲的情感温暖与理解得分女生高于男生(t值分别为-6.119,0.865,-5.823,P值均<0.01),其余因子男生均高于女生。除父母亲偏爱被试外,有无抑郁症状组父母教养方式各因子得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。除母亲情感温暖与理解、偏爱被试外,中学生抑郁症状与父母教养方式各因子均存在不同程度的相关关系(P值均<0.05)。抑郁症状与父母的情感温暖与理解因子呈负相关(P<0.01),与父母的惩罚与严厉、偏爱被试、拒绝否认、过度保护呈正相关(P值均<0.05),与母亲的过分与保护、拒绝与否认、惩罚与严厉呈正相关(P值均<0.01)。结论中学生抑郁症状与父母的教养方式有着密切的联系。

Objective To explore the correlation of Kunming students depression symptoms and parental upbringing, to improve the bad family environment style of education, and to provide basis for improving the depression of the middle school students. Methods By using flow adjustable center with depression rating scale （ CES-D ） parents upbringing evaluation （ EMBU ） and self-made questionnaire, a total of 2 128 middle school students were investigated. Results The prevalence rate of depression symptoms was 17.7% （ 376/2 128）. Chi-square tests showed that female students had a higher prevalence rate of depression symptom than male students （P〈 0.05 ）. However, there was no significant difference between senior and junior school students, only child and non-only child in depression（ P〉0.05）. The girls scored higher in father＇s emotional warmth and understanding, excessive protection, mother＇s emotional warmth and understanding than boys. Middle school students＇ depressive symptoms with varying degrees of correlation parents upbringing（ P〈0.01 ）, middle school students＂ depressive symptoms and negatively correlated with parents＇ emotional warmth and understanding, punishment and severe with parents and preference subjects, refuse, denial and overprotection were positively correlated. Conclusion Middle school students＇ depression symptoms and parental upbringing has the close relation.