云南省2008—2013年学校食物中毒事件分析

Analysis of food-poisoning incidents in schools in Yunnan province during 2008 and 2013

目的了解云南省2008—2013年学校食物中毒特点及发生规律,为探讨预防食物中毒发生的对策和措施提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对云南省学校食物中毒事件进行分析。采用季节趋势模型对云南省2014年学校每月食物中毒人次数进行预测。结果 2008—2013年云南省报告学校食物中毒事件数、中毒人数及死亡人数分别为93起、3 636人和2人,分别同期占总事件数、总中毒人数和总死亡人数的11.30%,25.89%和0.60%。食物中毒主要分布在乡(镇)及农村地区的中、小学校。致病因素以有毒动植物和微生物为主,各占总数的49.46%,32.26%。采用季节趋势模型对云南省2014年学校食物中毒趋势进行预测,学校食物中毒将继续呈上升趋势,中毒高峰为3,4,6和9月。结论应加强乡(镇)及农村地区中小学校的食堂卫生监督管理,开展学校师生的食品安全宣传教育。季节趋势模型对云南省学校食物中毒的拟合效果较好,可以应用于预测。

Objective To investigate the features and regular patterns of food-poisoning events in schools in Yunnan province between 2008 and 2013, and to provide the countermeasure against these incidents. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the food-poisoning incidents in schools in Yunnan province; the school monthly number of people about food poisoning in 2014 was predicted by seasonal trend model. Results From 2008 to 2013, the number of food poisoning incidents, victims and deaths were 93, 3 636 and 2, which accounted for 11.30%, 25.89% and 0.6%. Food poisoning was mainly distributed in the primary school and middle school of township and rural areas. The major toxicants were associated with toxic agents from the food of animal or plant origin and microbial pollution. The food poisoning incidents in schools continued to rise in 2014, the poisoning peak occurred in March, April, June and September by seasonal trend model. Conclusion The canteen＇s health supervision and management in the primary school and middle school of township and rural areas should be strengthened. Food safety healthy education of teachers and students should be strengthened to reduce the food poisoning incidents. Seasonal trend model could be used to predict the trend of the food poisoning incidents in school.