唐山市中学生体质量指数膳食影响因素分析

Analysis on the dietary factors for affecting the distribution of body mass index in middle school students

目的了解膳食因素对中学生体质量指数的影响,为开展中学膳食营养健康教育工作提供参考。方法选取唐山市南北两区各1所中学初中部和高中部,并根据年级分层抽取研究对象,共1 583名学生,进行有关生长发育和饮食行为因素调查、膳食摄入调查及体格测量,建立数据库后采用SPSS 13.0进行统计分析。结果男生超重率和肥胖率分别为19.7%和10.7%,女生分别为12.5%和7.6%。13岁男生超重率为23.8%,肥胖率为12.7%;女生超重率为14.8%,肥胖率为9.8%。14岁和15岁男女生间BMI分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.119,6.298,P值均<0.05)。能量、加餐、肉禽类、脂肪是中学生超重肥胖的危险因素(OR值分别为2.044,1.751,1.598,1.081,P值均<0.05);蔬菜是超重肥胖的保护因素(OR=0.711,P<0.05)。结论膳食行为和膳食摄入食物种类对中学生体质量指数的增高均有影响,需要进行调整改善。

Objective To study effect of middle school students＂ dietary factors on the distribution of body mass index. Methods The whole 1 583 of junior and senior high students from 2 schools in Tangshan city were selected. Factors of related students＂ development and growth and diet intakes were investigated, physical examination were done in students. The data was analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity rates were 19.7% and 10, 7% for boys, 12.5% and 7.6% for girls, the overweight and obesity rate of boys and girls were the highest in 13 years old, the lowest in 19 years old. The distribution difference between boys and girls body mass index of 14 and 15 years old was statistically significant. By logistic regression analysis, often snacks, the intake of energy, meat, poultry and fat were risk factors of overweight and obesity （ OR = 2.044,1.751,1. 598,1.081 ）. Vegetable was protective factor of overweight and obesity （ OR-= 0.711 ）. Conclusion It needs to change the students＂ dietary factors to lower the rate of overweight and obesity.