朋辈团体心理辅导对大学生社交焦虑的干预效果评价

Process and effect of peer group counseling on social anxiety among college students

目的探索朋辈团体心理辅导在改善大学生社交焦虑方面的效果,为高校心理健康工作提供依据。方法通过招募量表和访谈法在重庆师范大学共筛选42名大学生作为实验对象,采用实验组、对照组前后测实验设计,对实验组(n=21)进行5次结构化、封闭式的朋辈团体心理辅导,对照组(n=21)不接受任何处理。采用交往焦虑量表(IAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和自尊量表(SES)进行干预过程评估,采用自编问卷对干预活动进行效果评价。结果实验组在干预后交往焦虑及抑郁症状低于对照组,同时自尊水平提高(t值分别为4.01,3.53,-2.55,P值均<0.05)。实验组在第1次团辅后抑郁症状明显改善,第2次团辅后自尊水平明显提高,第3次团辅后交往焦虑明显下降,这些改善一直持续到团辅结束(F值分别为12.77,16.36,11.96,P值均<0.01)。实验组成员对团辅过程的评价平均得分为4.74,显著超过理论中位数3(t=14.26,P<0.01)。结论朋辈团体心理辅导降低了社交焦虑和抑郁的水平,提高了个体的自尊水平,符合大学生的心理需要,具有改善大学生社交焦虑的重要作用。

Objective To find out process and effect of peer group counseling on social anxiety among college students and to provide basis for mental health work in college. Methods Forty-two college students were collected, experiment group （ n = 21 ） took part in the structured and closed peer group counseling of 5 times, while control group （ n = 21 ） was not intervened. They were assessed by the Interaction Anxiousness Scale { IAS）, Self-Rating Depress Scale （SDS） and Self-Esteem Scale （ SES ） before and after the peer group counseling. Results Before peer group counseling, the two groups had no significant difference. After inter- vention, the IAS and SDS scores in experiment group was significantly lower than the control group, while SES score was signifi- cantly higher than the control group. The SDS score decreased after first session, the SES score increased after the second session, and the IAS score decreased after the third session. These improvements lasted until peer group counseling ended. Experiment group showed a positive evaluation about the peer group counseling. Conclusion Peer group counseling decreases the level of in- teraction anxiousness and depression, increases the level of self esteem, and it can improve mental health of college students.