广州市青少年体重认知及不健康减肥行为分析

Self-evaluation of weight and unhealthy weight control behaviors among adolescents in Guangzhou

目的了解广州市青少年对自我体重的认知情况以及不健康减肥行为现状,为制定科学有效的干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷对广州市71所学校12 750名学生进行问卷调查。结果广州市青少年偏瘦、超重及肥胖发生率分别为16.12%,5.66%和3.56%,男生超重及肥胖(8.20%,5.69%)发生率明显要高于女生(3.43%,1.68%),初中生(6.43%,4.12%)高于高中或职中生(5.31%,3.59%)、大学生(4.10%,0.49%),城市(6.34%,3.97%)高于农村(4.00%,2.54%),差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为111.62,4.13,53.29,P值均<0.05)。自认为有点重或很重的青少年中真正超重或肥胖的比例为21.03%,正常体重的青少年中认为自己有点重或很重的比例女生(47.18%)高于男生(18.08%),高中或职中生(37.90%)高于初中生(30.30%)、大学生(34.77%),差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为1 040.71,4.56,P值均<0.05)。1.04%的广州市青少年存在不健康减肥行为,高中或职中生(1.30%)高于初中生(0.70%)和大学生(1.14%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.80,P=0.01)。结论广州市青少年肥胖率相对较低,较大部分青少年偏大估计自己体重,部分青少年存在不健康减肥行为。

Objective To study the cognition of self-evaluation of weight and unhealthy weight control behaviors among Guangzhou adolescents, and to provide scientific evidence for intervention. Methods A ＂Questionnaire of health related behaviors among adolescents in China＂ was conducted among 12 750 students in 71 schools in Guangzhou. Results The rate of overweight and obesity among surveyed adolescents was 5.66% and 3.56%, boys （ 8.20%, 5.69% } was higher than girls （ 3.43%, 1.68% }, junior middle school students （ 6.43% ,4.14% ） was higher than senior middle school or vocational high school students （5.31% ,3.59% ） and university students （4. 10% ,0. 49% ）, urban （6.34% ,2.82% ） was higher than rural （4.00%, 2.54% } ; Only 21.03% of adolescents who thought themselves a little heavy or very heavy were actually overweight. Among nor- mal weight adolescents 47.18% of girls thought they were a little heavy or very heavy, which was higher than boys （ 18.08% ）, and the rate in senior middle school or vocational high school students was 37.90%, which was higher than junior middle school students （30.30%） and university students （34.77%） ; 1.04% of the adolescents have unhealthy weight control behaviors, and the rate in senior middle school or vocational high school students （ 1.30% ） was highest, but there was no significant difference by gender or region. Conclusion The overweight and obesity rates among Guangzhou adolescents are relatively low, great part of them overestimate their weight, and some of them have unhealthy weight control behaviors.