隧道火灾模型试验中参数的无量纲化研究

Non-dimensionalization of Parameters in Tunnel Fire Model Test

针对隧道火灾通风现象中众多参数复杂的相互作用特点,本文利用量纲分析的方法,对隧道火灾通风实验中火源热释放率大小与模型进行了无量纲化处理,对壁面导热过程、对流与辐射换热过程、壁面粗糙度的影响等相关参数,从量纲的角度进行了理论上的分析,比较了它们各自在隧道火灾的发展过程中起到的不同作用。最后确定了火源热释放率大小与模型是影响火源附近热力状态的决定性因素;与壁面导热、辐射过程相比,对流在火灾通风过程中起着决定性的控制作用。最后指出可以将各个参数所起不同作用的分析结果作为建立隧道火灾模型试验的理论参考,将无量纲关系式作为模型试验处理数据的依据。

Tunnel fire is characterised with complicate interactions among parameters of heat release rate and model, conduction and convection heat transfer, radiation and wall roughness. In this paper, the heat release rate and model were non-dimensionlized, the other parameters’ different roles in fire development were analysed with dimensional method. At last, heat release rate and model are thought as the crucial parameters to the thermodynamic process near the fire and convection plays a decisive role in the energy transfer during the ventilation process compared with heat conduction and radiation. At last, the conclusion shows that the different function roles of different parameters could be the taken as the theoretical reference and the nondimensional relation could be the guide of the data processing.