六安市医护人员艾滋病职业暴露与防护现状

Survey on occupational exposure to HIV/AIDS and relevant protection among medical workers in Lu'an City

目的了解和掌握六安市医务人员艾滋病职业暴露防护行为及现状,为医务人员艾滋病职业暴露防护提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样方法选择六安市各级医院的463名医务人员进行问卷调查。结果 29.6%(137/463)的医务人员接诊过艾滋病患者,68.9%(319/463)在工作中发生过皮肤被刺伤的情况,40.0%(185/463)有过被患者的血(体)液意外溅入眼、鼻、口中的经历。接诊过人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)阳性的感染者或患者发生率在不同级别医院、文化程度、科室、工作性质的工作人员间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),被医疗器械刺破皮肤的发生率在不同级别医院、文化程度、科室、工作性质的工作人员间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),有血(体)液意外溅入眼、鼻、口的发生率在不同级别医院、职称级别、科室工作人员间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论六安市医务人员对艾滋病职业暴露防护知识的知晓程度较低,发生锐器刺伤等职业暴露的危险性较高,应加强医务人员相关知识的培训。

[Objective]To understand the occupational exposure to HIV / AIDS and relevant protection among medical workers in Lu＇an City,provide the scientific basis for prevention measures of occupational exposure to HIV / AIDS. [Methods]463 medical workers who were selected from different level hospitals in Lu＇an City by cluster sampling method were surveyed with a questionnaire.[Results]29. 6%（ 137 /463） the medical workers had contacted HIV/AIDS patients,68. 9%（ 319 /463） had stick injury experiences at work,and 40. 0%（ 185 /463） had experiences of blood or body fluids splashing in the eyes,nose or mouth. There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of contacting HIV infections or AIDS patients among medical workers of different level hospitals,education levels,departments and work characteristics（ all P 〈0. 05）. The differences in the incidence of being punctured by medical devices among medical workers from different level hospitals,education levels,departments and work characteristics were statistically significant（ all P 〈0. 05）. There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of blood（ body fluids） splashing in the eyes,nose or mouth among medical workers from different level hospitals,education levels,departments and work characteristics（ all P 〈0. 05）. [Conclusion]The awareness rate of knowledge about protection measures against HIV / AIDS occupational exposure is low among medical workers in Lu＇an City,and there is a higher risk level of occupational exposure,such as being punctured by sharp needle. So it is necessary to strengthen training of relevant knowledge among this population.