1991—2013年天津市东丽区尘肺病发病情况分析

Analysis on incidence of pneumoconiosis in Dongli District of Tianjin from 1991-2013

目的了解天津市东丽区近23年尘肺病发病规律和特征,为制定尘肺病预防控制措施提供依据。方法收集1991—2013年东丽区尘肺病报告卡,将尘肺病患者信息录入SPSS 12.0数据库并进行相关的统计分析。结果 1991—2013年共报告新诊断尘肺病8大类258例,平均发病年龄为(52.08±9.81)岁,平均接尘工龄为(25.12±7.26)a;矽肺、铸工尘肺、煤工尘肺、电焊工尘肺和石棉肺占总报告例数的98.84%。Ⅰ期病例256例,死亡4例;Ⅱ期2例。258例病例中轻工、电力、机械行业患者分别占44.92%、23.05%和24.61%,位列前3位;成型、输煤、原料、浇注等10个工种共占发病总数的59.69%。结论近年来东丽区新诊断报告尘肺病例数急剧增多,甄别现存粉尘危害企业和岗位,实施尘肺病的三级预防刻不容缓。

[Objective]To understand the epidemic regularity and characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Dongli District in the recent23 years,provide the basis for formulating prevention and control measures of pneumoconiosis. [Methods]By collecting the pneumoconiosis report cards in Dongli District from 1991-2013,and the data of pneumoconiosis patients were input into SPSS 12. 0 database and analyzed statistically. [Results]A total of 258 new pneumoconiosis cases（ 8 categories） were reported from 1991-2013,the average onset age was（ 52. 08 ± 9. 81） years old,and the average length of exposure to dust was（ 25. 12 ± 7. 26） years. The silicosis,foundry worker ＇s pneumoconiosis,coal worker ＇s pneumoconiosis,welders ＇ pneumoconiosis and asbestosis accounted for98. 84% of total cases. There were 256 cases of stage I（ including 4 death cases） and 2 cases of stageⅡ. The patients from light industry,electric power and machinery industry respectively accounted for 44. 92%,23. 05% and 24. 61%,which were the three top industries. 59. 69% of patients were the workers engaged in 10 types of work,such as molding,coal handling raw material,casting and so on. [Conclusion]In recent years,the new pneumoconiosis cases have increased sharply in Dongli District. It is urgent to identify the enterprises and posts which have the dust hazard,and take three-grade prevention of pneumoconiosis.