噪声作业岗前体检人员听力状况分析

Analysis on hearing status of noise exposure workers before employment

目的分析岗前体检人员从事噪声作业前的听力状况及原因,以期对预防噪声性听力损伤、促进职业健康提出对策和建议。方法使用丹麦产MM-622型纯音听力计(经零级校正)对噪声作业人员双耳0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、6.0 k Hz的纯音气导进行检查。听阈提高的评定标准:语频听阈提高以任一耳0.5、1.0、2.0 k Hz,任一频率>25 d B为标准;高频听阈提高以任一耳3.0、4.0、6.0 k Hz,任一频率听阈值≥30 d B为标准。同时对岗前体检人员进行"用内置型耳机听音乐会损伤听力"的知、信、行调查。结果共调查4 600人,所有人均知道使用内置型耳机听音乐会损伤听力,但仍有1 120人经常使用内置型耳机听音乐,占总调查人数的24.35%。使用耳机听音乐的人中有605人高频听阈提高,占使用耳机总人数的54.02%。使用耳机听音乐的人平均高频听阈与不使用耳机的人相比,差异有统计学意义(u=18.375,P<0.01),在4 600人中,有3 480人不使用内置型耳机听音乐,其中有817人高频听阈提高,占23.48%。结论使用内置型耳机听音乐对岗前体检人员高频听阈有影响,深化噪声作业人员对"使用内置型耳机听音乐会损伤听力"的认识,促进劳动者个人健康行为的转化,以减少噪声性听力损伤以及职业性噪声聋的发生。

[Objective]To analyze the hearing status of noise exposure workers before employment,put forward some useful suggestions on prevention of noise induced hearing loss,and promote occupational health. [Methods]Hearing level of noise exposure workers before employment was detected of both ears on 0. 5,1. 0,2. 0,3. 0,4. 0 and 6. 0 k Hz by Denmark MM-622 pure tone audiometer. The standard for language frequency threshold shift is over 25 d B of any ear any frequency of 0. 5,1. 0 and 2. 0 k Hz. And the standard for high frequency threshold shift is equal to or over 30 d B of any ear any frequency of 3. 0,4. 0 and 6. 0 k Hz. KAB（ knowledge,attitude,practice） about the issue that earphone could impair hearing level was investigated among pre-service health examination workers. [Results]A total of 4 600 workers were surveyed and all of them knew the truth that earphone could impair hearing level. But 1 120（ 24. 35%） workers still use earphone to listen to music. 605 workers had the high frequency threshold shift,accounting for 54. 02% of workers using earphone. There was significant difference in average high frequency threshold between workers using earphone and not（ u = 18. 375,P 〈0. 01）. 3 480 of 4 600 workers have not use earphone to listen to music,but it cannot be neglected that 817 workers had high frequency threshold shift among them,which the incidence was 23. 48%.[Conclusion]Earphone could impair the high frequency threshold of workers before employment. It is important to deepening the understanding of earphone could impair hearing level among noise exposure workers,and promote the transformation of health behavior in individual laborers,to reduce the incidence of noise induced hearing loss and occupational noise deafness.