2009—2014年邢台市乙型流感病原学监测分析

Analysis on pathogenic surveillance of influenza B in Xingtai City from 2009-2014

目的分析2009—2014年邢台市乙（B）型流行性感冒（流感）病毒流行情况,为科学预防和控制流感提供依据。方法采集2009年6月—2014年5月流感样病例（ILI）的咽拭子标本,采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测B型流感病毒核酸,以每年6月至次年5月为监测周期进行统计分析。结果 5个监测周期采集ILI咽拭子标本分别为1 392、513、642、628和1 185份,B型流感病毒核酸阳性率分别为8.33%、0.39%、12.31%、0.00%和6.50%,阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=121.9,P〈0.05）。5个监测周期内出现3次B型流感流行高峰期,分别为2010年1月、2012年2月和2014年3月,阳性率分别为40.63%、49.59%和30.52%,流行期分别为2009年12月—2010年5月、2012年1—3月和2013年12月—2014年4月。其中,2010年6月—2011年5月和2012年6月—2013年5月低水平或未流行。0-、5-、15-、25-和60-年龄组的阳性率分别为5.00%,12.73%、4.06%、4.50%和4.76%,阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=82.05,P〈0.05）。5-年龄组阳性率最高,15-年龄组阳性率最低。结论 2009—2014年邢台市B型流感呈现隔年流行的特点,流行期为当年的12月至次年的4月,高峰期出现在1—3月,5-年龄组为易感人群。为更好地防控流感,及时掌握流行趋势,仍需加强监测。

[Objective]To understand the epidemic situation of influenza B in Xingtai City from 2009-2014,provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza. [Methods]Throat swabs of influenza-like illness（ ILI） cases were collected from June2009 to May 2014. The nucleic acid of influenza B viruses was detected by real-time RT-PCR. Surveillance data were analyzed statistically on the cycle from June to next May. [Results]1392,513,642,628 and 1 185 throat swabs were respectively collected in 5surveillance cycles,and the positive rate of nucleic acid of influenza B viruses was respectively 8. 33%,0. 39%,12. 31%,0. 00%and 6. 05%,and difference was statistically significant（ χ2= 121. 9,P〈0. 05）. There were 3 peak epidemics of influenza B in 5surveillance cycles,including January 2010,February 2012 and March 2014,with the positive rate of 40. 63%,49. 59% and30. 52%,respectively. The epidemic periods were December 2009 to May 2010,January to March 2012,and December 2013 to April 2014. The epidemic situation was at low level or not found from June 2010 to May 2011,and from June 2012 to May 2013. The positive rate of 0-,5-,15-,25- and 60- age groups were 5. 00%,12. 73%,4. 06%,4. 50% and 4. 76% and the difference was statistically significant（ χ2= 82. 05,P〈0. 05）,The positive rate of 5- age group was the highest,and the 15- age group was the lowest. [Conclusion]The epidemic of influenza B has happened every two years in Xingtai City from 2009-2014,the epidemic period is December to next April,and the epidemic situation reaches the peak from January to March each year,the susceptible population is5- age group. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance to further preventing and controlling influenza and rapidly knowing the trends of the epidemic.