上海市黄浦区公共场所PM_(2.5)浓度特征及对人群呼吸系统健康的影响

Concentration characteristics of PM_(2.5) in public places and its influence to human respiratory system in Huangpu District of Shanghai City

目的了解上海市黄浦区主要公共场所中PM2.5浓度的影响因素。方法在该辖区内的公共场所中,随机抽取大型旅店、商场、餐饮各4户,共12户,了解不同季节、空调设施、场所类型的PM2.5浓度变化,同时选取场所内不吸烟成年女性95名,通过问卷调查和测量呼出气中一氧化氮（FENO）值,评价其呼吸系统健康状况。结果 PM2.5浓度最高的季节为冬季,达到235（62-374）μg/m^3;最低的季节为夏季,为35（62-374）μg/m3;饭店内PM2.5室内/室外（I/O）值高达1.33,显著高于商场和宾馆（P〈0.01）;装备中央空调的场所PM2.5I/O值为0.82（0.65-1.04）,显著低于装备非中央空调的场所1.06（0.78-2.39）（P〈0.01）。各场所工作人员FENO值差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,不同类型场所工作人员呼吸系统健康指标中咳痰或清痰1项差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论大气中PM2.5浓度、空调系统、吸烟状况是影响公共场所PM2.5浓度的主要因素,当前公共场所较高的PM2.5浓度可对人群呼吸系统健康产生一定影响。

[Objective]To understand the influencing factors of PM2. 5in The main public places in Huangpu District of Shanghai City. [Methods]Totally 4 hotels,4 market places and 4 restaurants were randomly selected in Huangpu District to study the change of concentration of PM2. 5in different season,air conditioner and type of place. Meanwhile,95 nonsmoking adult women were chosen to evaluate the health of respiratory system by questionnaire survey and Fe NO value. [Results]Concentration of PM2. 5was 235（ 62-374） μg / m3 in winter,which was highest during seasons. It was 35（ 62-374） μg / m^3 in summer,which was lowest. The indoor /outdoor I / O value of PM2. 5was 1. 33（ 1. 09-2. 72） in restaurants which was significantly higher than hotels and marketplaces（ P〈0. 01）. The I / O value of PM2. 5was 0. 82（ 0. 65-1. 04） in places equipped with central air conditioner,which was significantly lower than that [1. 06（ 0. 78 - 2. 39） ]of places equipped with other type of air conditioner（ P〈0. 01）. No significant difference of FENO value was observed in different places（ P〉0. 05）,and among the items of respiratory system health of the workers,expectoration or phlegm showed significant difference（ P〈0. 05）. [Conclusion]Concentration of airborne PM2. 5,air conditioning systems and smoking are the main factors influencing the PM2. 5in public places,and the present concentration of PM2. 5may have an impact on the health of human respiratory system.