可吸入颗粒物对呼吸系统疾病的影响

Effect of inhaled particulate matter on respiratory system disease

目的了解大气可吸入颗粒物对人群呼吸系统疾病的影响。方法根据北京市环境保护局环境监测资料,2013年3月抽取北京市朝阳区(城区)可吸入颗粒物为中度污染及北苑社区和轻污度染的2个地区,问卷调查居民的呼吸系统疾病的情况。结合该地区近3年的可吸入颗粒物浓度数据,分析城区和郊区居民呼吸系统疾病发生率以及通过医院病例分析可吸入颗粒物与呼吸系统疾病就诊率的关系。结果城区居民5种呼吸系统疾病(上呼吸道感染、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺炎和支气管炎)的发生率均高于郊区居民,差别有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。呼吸系统疾病就诊率在每年11、12月以及次年1、2月在大气污染严重时达到高峰。结论大气中可吸入颗粒物污染使人群5种呼吸系统疾病患病率明显升高。

[Objective]To understand the impact of inhaled particles on the respiratory system diseases. [Methods]According to the environmental monitoring data from the Environmental Protection Bureau of Beijing City,Chaoyang District（ urban area） moderately polluted by inhaled particulate matter,Beiyuan community and Huairou District（ suburb） lightly polluted by inhaled particulate matter were selected in March 2013,the residents were surveyed by questionnaire about respiratory disease. The incidence of respiratory disease of urban and suburban residents was analyzed according to the local data of inhaled particulate matter concentration in recent 3 years. And the relationship between inhaled particulate matter and respiratory system disease was studied via case analysis. [Results] The incidence rates of upper respiratory tract infections,asthma,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,pneumonia and bronchitis among urban residents were all higher than those of suburbanites,the differences were statistically sighificant（ all P〈0. 01）. The peak of attendance rate of respiratory disease appeared in November and December and the following January and February.[Conclusion]Inhaled particulate air pollution make the prevalence of 5 respiratory diseases increased significantly.