茂名市茂南区美沙酮维持治疗门诊吸毒者基线调查

Baseline survey on drug addicts receiving methadone maintenance treatment in Maonan District of Maoming City

目的通过了解茂名市茂南区美沙酮维持治疗门诊吸毒者的相关信息,为进一步制定相应的干预措施提供依据。方法根据课题设计,归纳总结服药人员脱失和保持的影响因素。结果 475例被调查者中,男性占95.6%,女性占4.4%;初中及以下文化程度占88.5%,已婚有配偶占65.5%;待业或无业者占64.6%。人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体阳性2例,占0.42%;首次吸毒年龄为14岁的占96.6%;共用针具375人,占10%;在过去3个月中,性伴为1人的占86.5%;最近1次性行为时使用安全套的占56.7%。结论在门诊吸毒者中存在传播性病、艾滋病及其他血液传染病的高危险行为,因此,加大美沙酮门诊政策和相关知识的宣传力度,对美沙酮门诊服药人员积极开展社会心理干预活动[1],同时加强与患者亲属的联系以及积极发展同伴教育是提高门诊量的有效途径。

[Objective]To understand the information about drug addicts receiving methadone maintenance treatment（ MMT） in Maonan District of Maoming City,provide the basis for developing the further intervention measures. [Methods]According to the study design,the factors affecting the dropping out and maintaining of drug addicts receiving MMT were summarized and analyzed.[Results]A total of 475 people were surveyed,males and females accounted for 95. 6% and 4. 4% respectively,88. 5% of them had the educational level of junior high school and below,65. 5% were married with a spouse,and 64. 6% were job-waiting or unemployed. There were 2 positive cases of HIV antibody,accounting for 0. 42%. 96. 6% of people had first tried drug at 14 years old. 375 people had shared the needle with others,accounting for 10%. 86. 5% of people had one sexual partner in past 3 months,and 56. 7% had used a condom in recent sexual act. [Conclusion]The high risk behaviors that can spread the sexually transmitted diseases,AIDS and other blood borne diseases have been observed among drug addicts receiving MMT. Therefore,it is necessary to increase the publicity of MMT policies and relevant knowledge,and actively carry out the social psychological intervention activities in drug addicts receiving MMT. Meanwhile,strengthening links with relatives of patients and implementing the peer education are the effective ways to improve the outpatient amount.