民事司法语境中的权利与权力——以新民诉法修改为视角

Right and Power in Context of Civil Justice——From the Perspective of New Modification in the Civil Procedure Law

2012年民事诉讼法修改拓宽了起诉权的空间,完善了程序意义诉权,进而强化了诉权保障。扩大了当事人程序选择权,彰显了当事人的程序主体地位,体现了公权解决私权纠纷的民事诉讼本质。规定了诚信原则以制裁恶意诉讼,体现了审判权对诉权滥用的制约,强化了检察监督的范围、方式和手段,形成从审判到执行的一体化监督。然而,新增加的制度规定较为简单抽象,急需司法解释出台以期指导司法实践有效运行。本次修法体现了诉权、审判权、检察监督权和执行权之间的制约关系,以期达到权利(力)运行中的动态平衡,进而实现民事诉讼目的。

Modification of the Civil Procedure Law in 2012 broadens room of filing an action, betters ac- tion right in the sense of procedure and further strengthens the safeguard for action right. The new law en- larges procedural options and underlines procedural subject of two parties, all embodying the essence of civil action that greatly helps resolve the dispute of personal rights. The new law provides for good faith principle in order to punish malicious litigation, reflecting the restriction of judicial power to the possible abuse of action right. The new law strengthens the scope, methods and ways of procuratorial supervision, thus forming an integrated supervision from trial to execution. However, the provisions of the new law are relatively simple and abstract, so their judicial interpretations are urgently required to be released for di- recting an effective operation of the judicial practice. This new revision has reflected an interrelated re- striction among the action right, jurisdiction, procuratorial supervision and executive power, so as to help reach a dynamic balance of right and power, thus achieving a successful civil procedure.