论冷冻胚胎的法律属性及保护——围绕宜兴失独老人胚胎争夺案展开

The Legal Attribute and Protection of Frozen Embryos——A Case Study on Fighting for Embryos among Elderly in Yixing City Who Lost Their Only Child

随着胚胎临床应用的增加,个案司法为立法提出了新的命题。冷冻胚胎应界定为介于"人"和"物"之间的特殊存在,是法律关系中的权利客体。司法裁判抑或立法应当基于利益衡量保护胚胎法益,可在我国现有的民法构建秩序和思维逻辑之上采用特殊法益的保护模式,分种类、划阶段地给予特殊保护。具体可以通过立法,明确冷冻胚胎的行权主体及内容,规范并完善现有行权方式,确立行权规则之限制等。

With the increase of clinical application of embryo,the individual judicial cases present new propositions for legislation. Frozen embryos should be defined as a special existence in between ＂person＂and ＂object＂,which is the object of rights in legal relationship. The judicial referees or legislation should be based on the interests balance to protect the embryo＇s interests. Based on the existing construction order and thinking logic of our civil law, an unique protection pattern should be considered for the legal interests of embryos in view of different kinds as well as stages.To be concrete,through legislation, we can define the subject of rights and the content of frozen embryo,standardize and improve the way of exercising rights and establish the restrictions on rules of exercising rights.