谁动了女性的学习时间?——1990—2010年国民学习时间的变动趋势与特点分析

Changing Trend and Characteristics of Gender Differentials in Learning Time: China 1990-2010

通过对三次"中国妇女社会地位调查"数据较为系统的分析,就过去20年间两性学习时间的投入情况得出以下主要结论:一是从纵向来看,国民的学习时间不断缩短,在所有具有不同特征的人群中都是如此;二是在各个时点,学习时间均具有男长女短、但趋向一致的特点;三是学习时间因户籍、年龄、民族、婚姻、教育、职业、收入和地区而异。研究发现,婚姻与男女两性学习时间的关系程度有差别,婚姻使女性的学习时间大大减少,但与男性的关联较小,并且高收入女性更易于保证自己的学习时间。从长远来看,学习时间的过短或减少不利于女性的终身发展,不利于竞争能力的提升,也不利于生活质量的改善。

Using data from the 1990, 2000 and 2010 China Women Social Status Survey, this paper examines the changing trend and characteristics of daily time devoted to learning with a focus on possible differentials between males and females. Descriptive results suggest that time spent on learning among the Chinese have overall reduced over the past 20 years for both male and female, but in each time point, female＇s learning time is much shorter than that of male, although such gap has narrowed greatly by the year of 2010. Additionally, the learning time has varied by respondents＇ demographic and socioeconomic features, e.g., hukou registration, age, ethnicity, marital status, level of education, occupation, income and geographic regions, but their relationship to male and female differs. Since time on study is important for individual lifelong development and the enhancement of population quality of the entire nation,little learning time could impede the improvement of women＇s competition in the labor market and overall population quality.