《五行》之“和”及其《尚书》学基础

“Integration”in Wu Xing and Its Origin in Shang Shu

《五行》有一个重要范畴"和","和"又有一个等值的范畴即"时"。二者关联的是,仁、义、礼、知(智)四种德之行跃升为"善",仁、义、礼、知、圣五种德之行跃升为"德",以及德行达到最高境界时的践行方式。"和"一般被解释为"和谐、协调",这种认知有悖于《五行》体系给出的界定,也背离了该范畴的历史渊源。《五行》之"和"乃取义于跟《洪范》"五行"中的五味关联甚深的"和羹"、"和五味",以及由此滋生的"和五声"等观念,意指参与其中的各元素的个别存在被超越而生成新的同一体,因此并无"和谐、协调"可言。《五行》"和"(或"时")深刻继承了《洪范》"五行"说蕴含的五味和的结构框架和模式。

An important category in Wu Xing is “integration”, a counterpart category of which is “temporality”. The two are correlated in that the four virtues of benevolence, righteousness, courte- sy, and wisdom are schematized as “goodness” while the five virtues of benevolence, righteousness, eourtesy, wisdom, and supremacy are sehematized as “morality” and the practice of one of the highest morality. The “integration” has been commonly interpreted as “harmony”, which is deviated from the system of Wu Xing and also from the origin of the category in Hong Fan.