中国不同地区粮食生产要素的贡献测量

The Evaluation on Contribution Rate of Grain-production Elements in Different Regions of China

运用模型分析法和比较研究法研究中国1982—2012年不同经济发展水平下粮食生产要素的生产弹性和贡献率的差异。我国粮食生产要素的生产弹性和贡献率在发达地区和中等发达地区存在显著性差异。首先,土地和化肥对两类地区的粮食生产都有显著的正向影响,其中,在发达地区,土地和化肥的生产弹性和贡献率显著高于中等发达地区;其次,劳动力、农业机械、有效灌溉面积和农村用电量对两个地区粮食产量的影响差异也很大。我国粮食生产要素的贡献与经济发展水平密切相关,生产要素价格对贡献率有重要影响。实现我国粮食增产的关键在于生产要素的优化配置。

By the methods of comparison research and econometric analysis , the contribution rate of different factor of grain-production is analyzed quantitatively in China since 1982 under different economy level .The results in-dicated that production elasticity and contribution rate of factor of grain -production was significantly different in devel-oped regions and moderately-developed regions .Land and fertilizer had important positive influence on grain-produc-tion of both regions .Production elasticity and contribution rate in developed regions was highly greater than that of moderately-developed regions .Secondly, labour, machinery, irrigation, electricity also had different effects on grain-production in developed regions and moderately-developed regions .It is concluded that contribution rate closely re-lates with levels of economy .Prices of production factor has important impact on contribution rate .The rational allo-cation of production elements is the key to increase grain yield .