纳米镍粉的制备与非晶转变机制研究

Synthesis and Amorphous Transition Mechanism of Nickel Nano-particles

以硫酸镍为主盐、水合肼为还原剂,添加诱导剂次亚磷酸钠,利用液相还原法制得纳米镍粉;采用扫描电子显微镜、光电子能谱仪、X射线衍射仪分别对纳米镍粒子的微观形貌、组分、物相结构进行表征,研究硫酸镍与水合肼的配比、诱导剂含量对纳米镍粒子的形貌及晶格参数的影响。结果表明:纳米镍粒子粒径随硫酸镍与水合肼物质的量比的增大而增大,当两者物质的量比大于1∶2时,镍、磷原子共沉积过程占主导,影响镍原子有效形核;增加诱导剂的浓度至0.4 mol/L,纳米镍粒子的晶格发生畸变,形成非晶结构。

To prepare nickel nano-particles,the reduction process of liquid phase with NiSO4 as main salt,N2H4 .H2O as reductant, NaH2PO2 .H2O as inducer was used. The micro-morphology, component and functional structure of the nickel nano-particles were characterized with scanning electron microscope （SEM）. energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS） and X ray diffraction （XRD）. The effects of raw molar ratio n（NiSO4）：n （N2H4·H2O）,inducer on the micro-morphologies and lattice parameters of the nickel nano-particles were studied. The results show that particle sizes of the powders increase with increasing raw molar ratio n （NiSO4）：n （N2H4·H2O）. When the raw molar ratio excesses 1：2, the reaction is controlled by simultaneously depositing process of Ni-P nano-particles, which can inhabits the nucleation of nickel particles. The lattice distortion aggravates to form amorphous nickel nano-particles with increasing inducer contention to 0.4 mol/L.