基于马斯洛需求视角的农民工职业培训需求理论研究——基于珠三角地区农民工的实证分析

Vocational Training Needs of Migrant Workers Demand Theory Based on Maslow's Perspective-Empirical Analysis Based on the Pearl River Delta Migrant Workers

改革开放以来,随着"民工潮"与"民工荒"的持续交替出现,农民工问题不仅成为学术界研究的热点,也成为影响中国经济持续健康发展和社会和谐稳定的重要因素。当前,农民工职业技能水平已经成为严重影响其改善生活水平的制约因素,而与此形成巨大矛盾的是农民工职业培训意愿却不高,这将严重的制约我国产业结构升级和专业化产业工人阶层的形成。通过对珠三角地区的农民工进行实证调查研究,结合马斯洛的需求层次理论,对农民工职业培训的需求进行归类分析,构建出农民工职业生命周期的静态职业培训需求模型和动态职业培训需求分布模型。结合模型的生命周期特点,我国应该围绕政策法规的制定、优化培训支出、加强宣传教育、完善培训模式等方面,制定有利于改善农民工职业培训、提高劳动者综合生产能力的政策。

Since the reform and opening up, with “migrant worker rush” and “migrant worker shortage” happening alternately, the issue of migrant workers has become a hot spot not only in academic research, but also become an important factor affecting the sus-tained and healthy development of China’s economy and social harmony and stability. Currently, the level of vocational skills of migrant workers has become a serious constraint affecting the improvement of living standards, but a tremendous contradiction is formed due to that willingness vocational training of migrant workers is not high, which would seriously restrict China’s industrial structure upgrading and specialization of industrial workers form class. Based on the Pearl River Delta region of migrant workers empirical research, com-bined with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the demand for vocational training of migrant workers is conducted with classified analysis to construct a static model of vocational training needs of migrant workers and occupational life cycle vocational training needs dynamic distribution model. Combined with the characteristics of the life cycle model, China shall focus on developing policies and regulations, optimizing training expenses, strengthening publicity and education, improving the training mode, etc. , and prepare policies which help improve the development of vocational training of migrant workers and improve the overall production capacity.