有机肥对土壤培肥作用长期定位研究

Long- term Located Study of Organic Manure Application Effects on Soil Fertility

【目的】揭示有机肥的施用在长期土壤培肥过程中的作用。【方法】设置无肥对照(CK)、减量化肥(N'P')、常量化肥(NP)、有机肥(M)、减量化肥有机肥配施(N'P'M)和常量化肥有机肥配施(NPM)等6个处理,在新疆博乐市进行连续24 a的施肥长期定位试验。【结果】24 a连续施用有机肥处理M、N'P'M和NPM供试土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量平均较1987年(速效钾1989年)提高34.7%、11.6%、21.6%、153%、14.5%,相反CK、N'P'和NP处理各项指标均有不同程度的降低;2010年施用有机肥处理M、N'P'M和NPM与其对照处理CK、N'P'和NP相比,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量平均提高64.8%、60.9%、60.9%、680%、74.1%。【结论】有机肥无论是单独施用还是与化肥配合施用都能够持续提高土壤有机碳、氮含量;施用有机肥能显著提高土壤速效养分水平,在新疆石灰性土壤上对速效磷的提高作用尤其显著。

【Objective】The project aims to reveal the effects of organic manure in the soil nutrient evolution. 【Method】6 treatments in Xinjiang Bole City for 24 consecutive years of long- term fertilization positioning tests wee set： no fertilizer control（ CK）,constant fertilizer（ NP）,reduction of fertilizer（ N＇P＇）,organic manure（ M）,constant fertilizer organic fertilizers（ M） and reduction of fertilizer organic fertilizers（ N＇P＇M）. 【Result】After 24 years of continuous application of organic fertilizer,the M,N＇P＇M and NPM tested soil organic matter,total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium content were increased by 34. 7%,11. 6%,21. 6%,153%,14. 5% on average compared with those in 1987（ K 1989）. But the CK,N＇P ＇and NP treatment indicators were significantly lower in contrary. The organic fertilizer treatment M,N＇P＇M and NPM tested soil organic matter,total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium content increased by 64. 8%,60. 9%,60. 9%,680%,74.1% in an average compared with its control treatment CK,N＇P＇and NP in 2010.【Conclusion】Organic fertilizer could significantly increase the level of available soil nutrients and the effect was particularly notable onsoil available phosphorus of Xinjiang calcareous soils.