不同工况下机车车体碰撞过程数值模拟

Numerical Simulation of Locomotive Collision in Different Working Conditions

对铁路内燃机车正面碰撞进行仿真分析,得到了在撞击质量和撞击速度变化时,机车车头部位的变形、速度、碰撞力以及能量的变化规律,并将碰撞力和能量的变化拟合成三维曲面形式。结果表明,碰撞产生的塑性变形主要集中在车体前端,在撞击质量或撞击速度较小时,将较快出现碰撞反弹现象;由数据点拟合的三维曲面可得到任意撞击速度和撞击质量的碰撞力和碰撞能量,为相关机车车体设计和碰撞试验提供基本数据参考。

The collisions of the locomotives are simulated to study the deformations,velocities,impact forces and energy evolutions of the diesel locomotive with different masses and different impact velocities. The fitting surface of the impact forces and the energies can be then obtained. Results indicate that the deformation is focused in the tip of the locomotive. Rebound phenomenon can be observed in case of less mass or initial velocity. The collision forces and energies can be fitted to be functions of both the locomotive mass and the initial velocity. This fitted surface can be used for the design of locomotive body structure and collision experiments.