中国罗非鱼质量安全现状调查分析

Investigation and analysis of the quality and safety situation of tilapia in China

罗非鱼是中国水产业中最具国际竞争实力的品种,近年受出口贸易竞争和链球菌病爆发的影响,产业可持续发展不容乐观,罗非鱼质量安全容易被忽视。本调查依托罗非鱼产业技术体系,围绕罗非鱼养殖质量安全问题,深入到体系各岗位、试验站和养殖示范基地详细了解情况,通过召开座谈会、发放调查问卷和养殖场实地走访座谈等形式,对罗非鱼质量安全现状进行了全面调查分析。发现药物残留超标,保水剂、臭氧和CO超标,致病微生物超标和产品腐败等是导致中国罗非鱼产生质量安全问题的主要因素;影响罗非鱼质量安全的根本原因是鱼贱伤渔;间接原因是病害问题长期得不到有效解决。针对问题,提出中国罗非鱼产业应朝着养殖生产规模化、管理过程组织化、养殖技术常态化、养殖过程标准化和养殖产品品牌化的"五化"方向发展的建议。本调查旨在为促进罗非鱼质量的不断提升,推动产业健康良性发展提供指导。[中国渔业质量与标准,2014,4(6):9-15]

Tilapia is the most competitive species in the Chinese aquaculture industry. However, due to the outbreaks of streptococcicosis and the export trade competition in recent years, the quality and safety of the tilapia is easily ignored, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the industry. On the basis of the industrial technique system for tilapia in China, this study conducted a comprehensive investigation and analysis on the current quality and safety situation of tilapia through symposium, questionnaire and interview with the various posts, experiment stations and demonstration bases of cultivation. The results showed that the main problems causing the quality safety problems of tilapia in China were drug residues exceeding the standard, water - retaining agent, ozone and CO exceeding the standard, pathogenic microorganisms exceeding the standard and putrefaction. The root cause of the problem was that the fish＇ s value has not been reflected, with the indirect reason that the disease problem can＇ t be effectively solved in the long term. In the light of the problems, this study proposed that China＇ s tilapia industry should move in the direction of large - scale production, organization of management process, technology stabilization and normalization, standardized breeding and brand building for aquaculture products. This study aimed to promote the constant improvement in the quality of tilapia and provide guidance for the healthy and sustainable development of the industry. [ Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards, 2014, 4（6）：9 -15 ]